https://www.folko.com.au/architecture
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0.75
2024-03-15
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHITECTURE
https://www.folko.com.au/craft
daily
0.75
2023-02-07
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
https://www.folko.com.au/blog
daily
0.75
2026-01-05
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxxiii-typology-16
monthly
0.5
2026-03-19
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXIII - TYPOLOGY 16 - SAO-YA-ZUKURI OF SHĪBA - Make it stand out
The site of this sao-ya-zukuri is on a mountain side (sanpuku 山腹) that is cut into terraces (hinadan-jou 雛壇状 ‘doll stand form’), and the building lot (takuchi 宅地) is shallow in depth, so a long, narrow plan-form is inevitable, and any auxiliary buildings (fuzoku-ya 付属家) are erected beside the main dwelling on the same contour. Miyazaki Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXIII - TYPOLOGY 16 - SAO-YA-ZUKURI OF SHĪBA - Make it stand out
Photograph of Kyо̄to Imperial Palace (Kyо̄to Gosho 京都御所), showing the three-part spatial structure of shinden-zukuri architecture: on the left, the moya (母屋); centre, the hisashi (廂); on the right, the mago-bisashi (孫廂).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXIII - TYPOLOGY 16 - SAO-YA-ZUKURI OF SHĪBA - Make it stand out
Floor plan of a sao-ya-zukuri minka, showing, from right to left, the earth-floored utility area (doji どじ), the kitchen (kama-no-sedo かまのせど), the living-dining space (uchine), a somewhat more formal room called the tsubone (つぼね), the formal reception room (dei でい), and the bedroom (goza ござ). Each of these spaces has a rear o-hara (おはら) part and a facade-side soto-hara (そとはら) or shita-hara (したはら) part: in the uchine these two parts are continuous; in the tsubone and dei they are delineated only with by a blind sill (mekura-jikii 盲敷居); in the goza they are properly partitioned with sliding fittings and a short flanking wall. The rear wall is also blind, completely occupied with shelves (tana 棚), cupboards (todana 戸棚), and decorative alcoves (tokonoma 床間).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXIII - TYPOLOGY 16 - SAO-YA-ZUKURI OF SHĪBA - Make it stand out
View of the interior of a sao-ya-zukuri minka, showing, from the foreground back, the earth-floored utility space (doji どじ), the everyday living and dining space, (uchinee うちねえ), the formal room (dei でい or dee でえ), and the bedroom (koza こざ). All the walls are board-clad. Between the rearward o-hara (おはら) rooms (centre) and the facade-side soto-hara (そとはら) rooms (right), there are only raised, blind floor sills (mekura-jikii 盲敷居) without any sliding fittings. Miyazaki Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxxii-typology-15
monthly
0.5
2026-03-12
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXII - TYPOLOGY 15 - KUDO-ZUKURI OF TSUKUSHI - Make it stand out
An о̄-ji-gata (凹字型) minka seen from the rear; showing the tiled ridge, lower tiled roof, and the projecting members called min-no-su (みんのす) and shigi-saki (しぎさき, ‘shigi tip’). Saga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXII - TYPOLOGY 15 - KUDO-ZUKURI OF TSUKUSHI - Make it stand out
A yu-no-ji (ユの字) form minka, with a ‘t hree valley seven shigi style’ (san-dani nana-shigi zukuri 三谷七主稜造り) roof. Saga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXII - TYPOLOGY 15 - KUDO-ZUKURI OF TSUKUSHI - Make it stand out
A ro-no-ji (ロの字) form ridge, the so-called ‘funnel style’ (jо̄go-zukuri じょうご造り). The ridge height gets lower as it goes along. 順送り. The rainwater that collects at the centre of the house is conveyed out by a gutter. Saga Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxxi-typology-14
monthly
0.5
2026-03-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXI - TYPOLOGY 14 - SHIHО̄-BUTA-ZUKURI OF AWA & SANUKI - Make it stand out
The region of the lower reaches of the Yoshino River (Yoshino-gawa 吉野川) in Shikoku was once a prosperous place where the Asiatic dayflower (ai 藍, Commelina commulis), whose flowers (ai-bana 藍花) are used in ‘deep blue dyeing’ (kon-some 紺染め) to produce the colour indigo (ai-iro 藍色), was cultivated. These ‘indigo dyer style’ (ai-ya no tsukuri 藍屋のつくり) minka are beautiful examples of the shihо̄-buta style. The thatched roofs have tiled ridges and a subtle convex curve (mukuri 起り) to their hips; in contrast, the tiles at the ends of the lower geya roof hips (sori-mune-kudari 隅降棟) project upwards with a convex flare. Tokushima Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXI - TYPOLOGY 14 - SHIHО̄-BUTA-ZUKURI OF AWA & SANUKI - Make it stand out
Shihо̄-buta-zukuri minka can also be found on the Sanuki Plain (Sanuki Heiya 讃岐平野). This is a minka on the outskirts of Takamatsu City (Takamatsu-shi 高松市). The ridge is finished with large capping tiles (ganburi-gawara 雁振瓦) called gappuri; the tiled lower roof over the geya is wide. Kagawa Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXXI - TYPOLOGY 14 - SHIHО̄-BUTA-ZUKURI OF AWA & SANUKI - Make it stand out
This shihо̄-buta-zukuri minka of a major village headman (dai/о̄-shо̄ya 大庄屋) on the Sanuki Plain (Sanuki Heiya 讃岐平野) is said to have been built in the Keichо̄ era (Keichо̄-nenkan 慶長年間 1596 - 1615), and is designated a Prefectural Cultural Property. Kagawa Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxx-typology-13
monthly
0.5
2026-02-26
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXX - TYPOLOGY 13 - SORI-MUNE-ZUKURI OF IZUMO - Make it stand out
The distinctive feature of the minka style of the Izumo Plain is the ridge (mune 棟), which rises up at each end to form a beautiful concave curve. This curve is applied not only to the ridge of the main volume (omo-ya 主屋) and other thatched structures, but even sometimes to the outbuilding (naya 納屋) or cow barn (gyūsha 牛舎). Even the built-up ‘box ridge style’ (hakomune-zukuri 箱棟造り) ridges occasionally found on tiled roofs were given a curve, making it appear as if a boat were floating atop the roof. Shimane Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXX - TYPOLOGY 13 - SORI-MUNE-ZUKURI OF IZUMO - Make it stand out
Windbreaks (bо̄fū-rin 防風林) called tsuiji-matsu (築 地 松) were developed to block the strong westerlies that blow across the Izumo Plain (Izumo Heiya 出雲平野), a rift belt (chikо̄-tai 地溝帯) between the Shimane Peninsula, which long ago was an island, and the ‘mainland’ (hondo 本土). The neatly clipped tsuiji-matsu of the ‘dispersed settlements’ (sanson 散村) were a unique landscape feature of the plain, and also the sole source of firewood for their minka. Shimane Prefecture. 風物
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXX - TYPOLOGY 13 - SORI-MUNE-ZUKURI OF IZUMO - Make it stand out
A so-called ‘four-eighter’ (yon-hachi-date 四八建て) minka sheltered behind its tsuiji-matsu windbreak. The thatched roof is continued right down and out (fuki-oroshi 葺きおろし, ‘thatch drop’) over the ‘verandah’ (en 縁). The storm shutters (amado 雨戸) draw across the exterior side of the sliding paper-and-lattice shо̄ji (障子) at the plane of the external wall, an old style known as nure-en-shiki (濡れ縁式 ‘exposed en style’), which dates this house to the final years of the Edo period, known as bakumatsu (幕末, 1853 - 1868). Shimane Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxix-typology-12
monthly
0.5
2026-02-19
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIX - TYPOLOGY 12 - TAKAHE-ZUKURI OF YAMATO - Make it stand out
In a village in the Nara basin, two adjacent kakoi-tsukuri (囲い造り, ‘enclosure style’) minka viewed from the west, the one in the foreground mostly obscuring the one behind it, except for its higher omo-ya. The perimeters of the sites are enclosed with auxiliary buildings and earth walls. Within each perimeter there is a large ‘dry garden’ (hi-niwa or kantei 干庭) for light and ventilation. Nara City (Nara-shi 奈良市), Nishi no Kyо̄ (西の京), Nara Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIX - TYPOLOGY 12 - TAKAHE-ZUKURI OF YAMATO - Make it stand out
A variant style of takahe-tsukuri known as hizumi-takahe (ひずみ高塀), in which the ridge of the omo-ya (the omo-mune or shutо̄ 主棟, ‘main ridge’) is higher even than the takahe. The lower ridge (ochi-mune 落棟) of the kama-ya normally has a ‘smoke exhaust tower’ (kemuri-dashi yagura 煙出し櫓), as here. It is common in Kawachi for the omo-mune to have such large capping tiles о̄-ganburi-gawara (大雁振瓦), but this example in Yamato is unusual. Shiki County (Shiki-gun 磯城郡), Nara Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIX - TYPOLOGY 12 - TAKAHE-ZUKURI OF YAMATO - Make it stand out
Takahe-tsukuri minka are also widely found in the Sekkasen (摂河泉) area of О̄saka Prefecture. The takahe of Kawachi takahe-tsukuri are characterised by having a relatively wide takahe, a ‘water cutting eave’ (mizu-kiri hisashi 水切庇) attached to the gable (tsuma 妻), and a tiled upper section to the omo-ya roof. О̄saka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIX - TYPOLOGY 12 - TAKAHE-ZUKURI OF YAMATO - Make it stand out
Tome-buta-gawara (留蓋瓦) ridge tiles, ornamented with doves, adorn the apexes of the takahe at each end of the omo-ya of this takahe-tsukuri minka.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxviii-typology-11
monthly
0.5
2026-02-12
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVIII - TYPOLOGY 11 - IKA-TSUKURI OF О̄MI - Make it stand out
The Ika-tsukuri is an old style that dates back to the early Edo period (Edo jidai 江戸時代, 1603 - 1868); it is a simple gable-entry (tsuma-iri 妻入り), Dutch gable (iri-moya-zukuri 入母屋造り) style, with ornaments called mae-dare (前だれ) decorating the gable opening (hafu-guchi 破風口). The awning (hisashi 庇) and other façade elements of this minka have been somewhat remodelled. Yogo village (Yogo-mura 余呉村), Ika County (Ika-gun 伊香郡), Shiga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVIII - TYPOLOGY 11 - IKA-TSUKURI OF О̄MI - Make it stand out
In this example, the front awning (mae-bisashi 前庇) is thatched, and the dwelling has an extremely closed external appearance. The age of this house is made evident by the considerable lean of the post visible on the right; its style is representative of old houses in the district. Nishi-Asai village (Nishi-Asai-mura 西浅井村), Ika County (Ika-gun 伊香郡), Shiga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVIII - TYPOLOGY 11 - IKA-TSUKURI OF О̄MI - Make it stand out
In this Ika-style (Ika-gata 伊香型) minka among the paddy fields (suiden 水田) of the plain (heiya 平野), the raised-floor zashiki (座敷) projects from the rear (haigo 背後); this style is called ittou-tsukuri (一棟造り, ‘one ridge style’). When the zashiki projects from the side (soku-men 側面), the style is called tsunoya-zukuri (つのや造り, ‘corner house style’). Kinomoto-chо̄ (木之本町), Ika County (Ika-gun 伊香郡), Shiga Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxvii-typology-10
monthly
0.5
2026-02-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVII - TYPOLOGY 10 - SHUMOKU-TSUKURI OF TО̄KAI - Make it stand out
A bell mallet (shumoku 撞木).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVII - TYPOLOGY 10 - SHUMOKU-TSUKURI OF TО̄KAI - Make it stand out
Scene of a village showing an ensemble of several near-identical shumoku-tsukuri minka. The shumoku-tsukuri of this district take a form in which the tiled eave (kawara-bisashi 瓦庇) of the omo-ya and the roof of the kama-ya are in contact. Shinshiro City (Shinshiro-shi 新城市), Aichi Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVII - TYPOLOGY 10 - SHUMOKU-TSUKURI OF TО̄KAI - Make it stand out
A large-section internal gutter runs in the gap where the eaves of the omo-ya and the kama-ya meet. Traditionally a large half-section of hollowed-out log or bamboo was used. Aichi Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxvi-typology-9
monthly
0.5
2026-01-29
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVI - TYPOLOGY 9 - GASSHО̄-ZUKURI OF HIDA - Make it stand out
Scene showing the since-abandoned village of Hida-Kazura (飛騨加須良). The village was long without roads trafficable by cars, so preserved a purity of appearance. Gifu Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXVI - TYPOLOGY 9 - GASSHО̄-ZUKURI OF HIDA - Make it stand out
Due to the construction of a dam, there are no notable gasshо̄-zukuri minka remaining in Hida, but on the Toyama Prefecture side of the Gokayama district (Gokayama-chihо̄ 五箇山地方), several superb examples have survived, such as this one. Toyama Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxv-typology-8
monthly
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2026-01-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXV - TYPOLOGY 8 - HON-MUNE-ZUKURI OF SHINSHŪ - Make it stand out
Modern view of the façade of a hon-mune tsukuri minka.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXV - TYPOLOGY 8 - HON-MUNE-ZUKURI OF SHINSHŪ - Make it stand out
An inn (hatago-ya 旅籠屋) in the ‘relay station’ (shuku-ba 宿場) Gо̄hara-juku (郷原宿), with a yamakoshi-ya (山越屋 ‘mountain pass hut’) façade (omote-gamae 表構え). This is an ‘orthodox’ hon-mune tsukuri with a three-part (san-ren 三連) projecting lattice window (de-gо̄shi 出格子) to the upper floor. The peculiar balustraded mise-no-ma (店の間, ‘shop space’) was originally an ita-ma (板間 ‘(floor)board space’) where travellers would nap. Important guests entered via the genkan on the left (obscured) and from there to the ‘upper zashiki’ (kami-zashiki 上座敷) at the rear. Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXV - TYPOLOGY 8 - HON-MUNE-ZUKURI OF SHINSHŪ - Make it stand out
In Ono-juku (小野宿), an Edo period ‘relay station’ (shuku-ba 宿場) on the Sanshū highway (Sanshū-kaidо̄ 三州街道), a branch of the main Nakasen Road (Nakasen-dо̄ 中仙道), Ina-dani style (Iseya-fū 伊郡谷風) hon-mune tsukuri line the street. This example, the Ono House (Ono-ya 小野家), is in a ‘gatehouse’ (monya 門屋) arrangement, and was a ‘relay place’ (chūkei-jo 中継所): a station (eki 駅) for cargo and freight (unsо̄-kamotsu 運送貨物). The hon-mune tsukuri here differ from those of Matsumoto-daira (松本平) in that they lack a façade awning (mae-bisashi 前庇) over the ground floor. Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXV - TYPOLOGY 8 - HON-MUNE-ZUKURI OF SHINSHŪ - Make it stand out
A combined inn (hatago-ya 旅籠屋) and liquor store (saka-ya 酒屋) that stands across the street from the Ono-ya pictured above. The stone-weighted (ishi-oki 石置き, lit. ‘stone placed’) roof, an element of the ‘classical’ hon-mune tsukuri, has remained to the present; the building was build in around 1859, the 6th year of Ansei (Ansei roku 安政６). Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXV - TYPOLOGY 8 - HON-MUNE-ZUKURI OF SHINSHŪ - Make it stand out
Detail of a hon-mune tsukuri façade above the tiled awning (mae-bisashi 前庇). The façade features a two-layer (ni-jū 二重) gable-board (hafu-ita 破風板), ridge-topping apex ornament (oni-ita 鬼板) and hanging pendant ornament (gegyo 懸魚), and an offset projecting lattice window (de-gо̄shi 出格子).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxiv-typology-7
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2026-01-15
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIV - TYPOLOGY 7 - KABUTO-ZUKURI OF FUJIKAWA - Make it stand out
Oshino village (Oshino-mura 忍野村), on the north side of Lake Yamanaka (Yamanaka-ko 山中湖), has kabuto-zukuri minka and Mt Fuji as its ‘motifs’, and has become a famous site for taking photographs. The minka shown here is a simple and plain kabuto-zukuri in the hipped roof (yose-mune 寄棟) lineage. Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIV - TYPOLOGY 7 - KABUTO-ZUKURI OF FUJIKAWA - Make it stand out
Beautiful kabuto-zukuri minka can (or could) be seen in the villages around the shores of the Fuji Five Lakes (Fuji-go-ko 富士五湖). This one is a Fuji-kei ni-juu kabuto (富士系二重甲 ‘Fuji lineage two-tier helmet’), gable-entry (tsuma-iri 妻入) farmhouse, fronting onto the highway (kaidо̄ 街道) on Lake Motosu (Motosu-ko 本栖湖). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIV - TYPOLOGY 7 - KABUTO-ZUKURI OF FUJIKAWA - Make it stand out
A ‘hipped kabuto’ style (yose-mune kabuto-zukuri 寄棟甲造り) minka with a ‘push-up roof window’ (tsuki-age yane-mado 突上げ屋根窓) at the centre of the roof. The main post (daikoku-bashira 大黒柱) is a timber called mine-bari (ミネバリ) or ono-ore-kanba (オノオレカンバ, Betula schmidtii Regel, a type of birch), 25 cm x 36 cm in section. The building was built in around 1840. Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIV - TYPOLOGY 7 - KABUTO-ZUKURI OF FUJIKAWA - Make it stand out
A silkworm rack (sanka 蚕架).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxiii-typology-6
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0.5
2026-01-08
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIII - TYPOLOGY 6 - KIRI-HAFU-TSUKURI OF KО̄SHŪ - Make it stand out
Characteristic of the kiri-hafu tsukuri (切り破風造り) style are the ridge-pole (muna-gi 棟木) supporting through-posts (tо̄shi-bashira 通し柱), called udatsu-bashira (うだつ柱), that run from the ground to the apex of the roof. Those in the gables, such as the central of the posts visible here, are called happо̄-udatsu (破風卯建). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIII - TYPOLOGY 6 - KIRI-HAFU-TSUKURI OF KО̄SHŪ - Make it stand out
The kiri-hafu tsukuri roof space consists of multiple levels, called wanike (わにけ); the through-posts (udatsu-bashira) and the massive main post (daikoku-bashira 大黒柱) rise up through these floors to the ridge. Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIII - TYPOLOGY 6 - KIRI-HAFU-TSUKURI OF KО̄SHŪ - Make it stand out
The central part of the ridge of this kiri-hafu tsukuri minka is pushed up to form a lantern that provides light and ventilation to the roof space, used for raising silkworms. This style is called either tsuki-age yane (突上げ屋根, ‘push up roof’) or (yagura-tsukuri 櫓造り, ‘tower style’). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXIII - TYPOLOGY 6 - KIRI-HAFU-TSUKURI OF KО̄SHŪ - Make it stand out
The style of this minka is a hybrid style called the ‘two step chimney style’ (ni-dan kemuri-dashi-tsukuri 二段煙出し造り), combining the tsuki-age mune (突上げ棟 ‘push up ridge’) tower (yagura 櫓) with a tsuki-age yane mado (突上げ屋根窓 ‘push up roof window’), common among the houses of wealthy farmers. The Takano house (Takano-ke 高野家), an Important Cultural Property, is of the same style. Yamagata Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxii-typology-5
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2026-01-01
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXII - TYPOLOGY 5 - KIRI-OTOSHI-TSUKURI OF AKAGI - Make it stand out
A grand minka in the foothills of Mt Akagi. A ventilation lantern (yagura 櫓) rises over the roof and the ridge has been re-clad with metal (totan トタン), but this is a ‘kigushi style’ (kigushi-tsukuri 木ぐし造り) ‘Echigo style’ (Echigo-fū 越後風) minka. Gunma Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXII - TYPOLOGY 5 - KIRI-OTOSHI-TSUKURI OF AKAGI - Make it stand out
Detail of the fine lattice (sama-gо̄shi 狭間格子) of the ‘spinning window’ (ito-dori mado 糸取り窓) and surrounds. Above the ito-dori mado is the wide, centrally positioned kiri-otoshi mado (切り落し窓, ‘cut out/off window’), also called the naka-giri mado (中切窓, ‘central cut window’), and above that the ‘ventilation lantern’ (kanki yagura 換気櫓). Gunma Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cxi-typology-4
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0.5
2025-12-25
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
The house of a wealthy farmer in Kana-ashi (金足), Akita Prefecture. There is no ‘front awning’ (mae-bisashi 前庇); the jettied (segai せがい) main roof is cut and folded upwards in a beautiful curve at the ‘lion window’ (shishi-mado 獅子窓). This house resembles the famous Nara house (Nara-ke 奈良家), an Important Cultural Property, but with its single chūmon (kata-chūmon 片中門) is more farmhouse-like in style.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
A double chūmon (ryо̄-chūmon 両中門) minka in the suburbs of Akita City. The ridge is ornamented with kura-ki-gushi (鞍木ぐし, lit. ‘saddle timber comb’).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
The double chūmon (ryо̄-chūmon 両中門) minka in the vicinity of Kana-ashi (金足) have upper chūmon (kami-chūmon 上中門) with gabled (kiri-tsuma tsukuri 切妻造り) and shingled (kokera-buki 柿葺き) roofs, and many have ‘rainbow beams’ (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁) and other structural roof members visible in the gable, as in this example. There is no ‘lion window’ (shishi-mado 獅子窓) in the facade plane of the larger thatched chūmon roof; above the entrance is a gabled ‘snow awning’ (yuki-yoke hisashi 雪除け庇).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
A shinden-zukuri (寝殿造り) villa complex with east and west chūmon-rо̄ (中門廊) labelled.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
A chūmon-zukuriminka with a hiroma-type (hiroma-gata 広間型) three-room (san-madori 三間取り). Labelled are the stable (umaya うまや), the earth floored utility area (niwa にわ), the hiroma or ‘living room’ (here the cha-no-ma ちゃのま), the formal zashiki (here the dei (でい), and the bedroom (heya へや). Division of the cha-no-ma along the line of the dei - heya partition would result in a would result in a regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori 整形四間取り) with a front ‘living room’ and rear ‘dining room’ (daidoko だいどこ or cha-no-ma 茶の間).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CXI - TYPOLOGY 4 - CHŪMON-ZUKURI OF AKITA - Make it stand out
A well-kept single-chūmon minka with deeply ‘carved’ shishi-mado in the facade plane of the chūmon roof and and seemingly copper-clad awning roof over the chūmon entrance.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cx-typology-3
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0.5
2025-12-18
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
A minka in Arasawa (荒沢) in the watershed of the О̄tori River (О̄tori-kawa 大鳥川), a tributary of the Aka River (Aka-gawa 赤川) that flows across the Shо̄nai Plain (Shо̄nai Heiya 庄内平野). The amaya (あまや), the awning roof over the façade perimeter space (geya 下屋), is tiled here, but examples in the old style have concave (sori 反り) thatched amaya, which together with the main roof and the happо̄ above result in a strange modeling highly reminiscent of a stingray (ei 鱏). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
In this single-storey ‘long house style’ (yoko-ya tsukuri 横屋造り) example, the happо̄ of the roof space floors (chishi) are at different heights, resulting in a somewhat ‘foreign’ appearance. The part with the eave extension (fuki-oroshi 葺きおろし) on the left is the stable, with a stout sliding door to the livestock entrance; the long lattice visible above the entrance is an aviary (tori-goya 鳥小屋). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
This house, a two-storey, multi-level ‘long house style’ (yoko-ya tsukuri 横屋造り) minka, was renovated at some point and no longer looks as it does here, but when this picture was taken its roof was the most complex in Tamugimata. As in the previous example, the extended eave (the amaya) gives the house the appearance of being chūmon-zukuri (中門造り) in style; unlike the chūmon-zukuri, however, which is an L-plan form minka where the extension (the chūmon 中門) forms the short leg of the L and as such has its own ridge, in the taka-happо̄-tsukuri the amaya is simply an extension of the main roof plane. Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
One of the takahappо̄-tsukuri minka of Tamugimata in more recent times.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
A ‘doll terrace’ (hina-dan-jо̄ 雛段状)
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
The village of Tamugimata as it appeared in Shо̄wa 30 (Shо̄wa san-jū-nen 昭和３０年), 1956.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CX - TYPOLOGY 3 - TAKAHAPPО̄-TSUKURI OF YAMAGATA - Make it stand out
A closer view of Tamugimata, 1956.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cix-typology-2
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0.5
2025-12-11
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CIX - TYPOLOGY 2 - MAGARI-YA OF NANBU - Make it stand out
In this minka in Shizukuishi-chо̄ (雫石町), Iwate Prefecture, the roof of the main volume has been improved with a tiled ridge (kawara-mune 瓦棟); originally it would have had a thatched kure-gushi (くれぐし) ridge, as the stable volume still does. The façade has a hando-mae opening, and to its left, the wall and windows of the zashiki; this is an old arrangement.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CIX - TYPOLOGY 2 - MAGARI-YA OF NANBU - Make it stand out
This large magari-ya differs from other examples in the external verandah-like construction (gai-en-jо̄ 外縁状) attached to the southern face of the stable; it is used as a work place (sagyо̄-sho 作業所) or drying place (hoshi-ba 干場). Shizukuishi-chо̄ (雫石町), Iwate Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CIX - TYPOLOGY 2 - MAGARI-YA OF NANBU - Make it stand out
The roof valley where the main volume (omo-ya) and stable (uma-ya) meet is prone to rot, so this area is thatched to trace a gentle curve. The gable opening (hafu-guchi 破風口) of the stable facade often has an elaborate design, with carved figures and the like. Shizukuishi-chо̄ (雫石町), Iwate Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cviii-typology-1
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0.5
2025-12-04
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVIII - TYPOLOGY 1 - INTRODUCTION - Make it stand out
The famous ‘praying hands style’ (gasshou-zukuri 合掌造り) minka of Hida (飛騨), current-day Gifu Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cvii-stairs-4
monthly
0.5
2025-11-27
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
A stone stair (ishi-kaidan 石階段) constructed of cantilevered treads embedded into the stone (retaining) wall (ishi-gaki 石垣) of the bank. Okayama Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
A ramp (keisha-ro 傾斜路 lit. ‘slope road’) stair or keisha-ro kaidan (傾斜路階段) constructed of thick, lapped boards, for hot spring (onsen 温泉) guests in Shinshū (信州), Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
An external stair to a temple or shrine, generally called a kizahashi (階). Kyо̄to City.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
A notched and squared log ‘climbing ladder’ (nobori-hashi のぼりはし) used to access a raised-floor storehouse (taka-kura 高倉). Amami island (Amami-О̄shima 奄美大島), Kagoshima Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
An Ainu notched-log one-pole ladder called a nikara (二カラ), leading up into a raised-floor storehouse (pū プー). Hokkaidо̄ Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVII - INTERIORS 48: STAIRS 4 - Make it stand out
A ‘pole ladder’ (ippon-bashigo 一本梯子) consisting of rungs (san 桟) passed through a forked tree trunk (mata-gi 股木, lit. ‘crotch tree’). Hyо̄go Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cvi-stairs-3
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0.5
2025-11-20
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVI - INTERIORS 47: STAIRS 3 - Make it stand out
The furniture-style ‘box stair’ (hako-dan 箱段), a common sight in and around Kyо̄to, in which drawers (hiki-dashi 抽出し) and storage cupboards (mono-iri to-dana 物入り戸棚) are built in under the treads. О̄ta family (О̄ta-ke 太田家) residence, Shiga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVI - INTERIORS 47: STAIRS 3 - Make it stand out
A lacquered (urushi-nuri 漆塗り) ‘box stair’ (hako-dan 箱段) with attached handrail (te-suri 手摺り). From a machiya in Gifu Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVI - INTERIORS 47: STAIRS 3 - Make it stand out
Another beautiful box stair, from the same machiya as the example above, and also lacquered (urushi-nuri 漆塗り). Gifu Prefecture
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CVI - INTERIORS 47: STAIRS 3 - Make it stand out
A dog-leg hako-dan (mawari-hako-dan 回り箱段) of only around half a tatami mat in area ascends abruptly to the upper floor. О̄sumi family (О̄sumi-ke 大角家) residence, an Important Cultural Property, Shiga Prefecture.
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A ‘hanging stair’ or ‘suspended stair’ (tsuri-kaidan 吊り階段) in its lowered state. From the Nijо̄ Jinya (二条陣屋), a famous inn in Kyо̄to.
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The same ‘suspended stair’ (tsuri-kaidan 吊り階段) as that shown in the image above, but in its raised state. When the stair is raised, the effective width of the corridor below is increased and it is more comfortable to use. From the Nijо̄ Jinya (二条陣屋), a famous inn in Kyо̄to.
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A horizontal sliding ‘door’ (to 戸) installed within the space above the ceiling, to close off the stair for security and peace of mind. Okamoto family (Okamoto-ke 岡本家) residence, Kyо̄to City.
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A wall-mounted ‘climbing ladder’ (nobori-bashigo 登り梯子) leading up into a servants’ room (使用人室). Half-moons of decorative bamboo lath are left exposed where the fingers and toes touch the wall. Yoshimura family (Yoshimura-ke 吉村家) residence, an Important Cultural Property, О̄saka Prefecture.
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Footholds (ashi-gakari 足掛り) notched into a gable-end longitudinal bracing member (oi-sasu 追い叉首). Wakayama family (Wakayama-ke 若山家) residence, an Important Cultural Property in Shо̄kawa-mura (荘川村), Gifu Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cv-stairs-2
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2025-11-13
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A machiya in which the ‘living room’ (cha-no-ma 茶の間, lit. ‘tea space’) is an atrium (fuki-nuki 吹抜き) space, with a lantern window (ten-mado 天窓) built on the roof above for natural illumination in times of deep snow; it serves also as the ‘stair room’ (kaidan-shitsu 階段室). Niigata Prefecture.
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Exterior of the Taizan-kan (對山館 or 対山館) in Shinano О̄machi (信濃大町), Nagano Prefecture.
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The ‘Y-form’ (wai-ji gata Y字型) stairs and upper gangway of the Shinmutsu Inn (Shinmutsu Ryokan 新むつ旅館) in Hachinohe City (Hachinohe-shi 八戸市), Aomori Prefecture, built in 1898, the 31st year of the Meiji period (Meiji san-jū ichi nen 明治31年).
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The gangway of the Shinmutsu Inn (Shinmutsu Ryokan 新むつ旅館) in Hachinohe City (Hachinohe-shi 八戸市), Aomori Prefecture.
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Exterior view of the Shinmutsu Inn (Shinmutsu Ryokan 新むつ旅館) in Hachinohe City (Hachinohe-shi 八戸市), Aomori Prefecture.
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162 A machiya in the Tо̄hoku (東北) region, with an atrium (fuki-nuki 吹抜き) style ‘living room’ (jо̄i 常居). Murakami family (Murakami-ke 村上家) residence, Iwate Prefecture.
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A ‘bending stair’ (magari-ori kaidan 曲折階段) that links three or four levels with a series of quarter-turns. Kobayashi Inn (Kobayashi Ryokan 小林旅館), Akita Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-civ-stairs-1
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2025-11-06
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The upper ‘grating floors’ (ama あま) under the steeply-pitched roof of this gasshо̄-zukuri (合掌造り ‘praying hands style’) minka are accessed by ‘monkey ladders’ (saru-bashigo 猿梯子); fixtures of this standard are common in ‘regular’ minka. The ‘ladders’ have flat treads rather than round rungs, and are lashed with rope to stop them from slipping. Murakami family (Murakami-ke 村上家) residence, Toyama Prefecture.
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A somewhat more advanced example of the ‘monkey ladder’ than that shown in the previous image. The stair is wider, and a bamboo handrail (te-suri 手摺り) has been added. Emukai family (Emukai-ke 江向家) residence, formerly Toyama Prefecture, now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum, Kawasaki City.
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Section of a typical ‘riser stair’ (ke-komi ita kaidan 蹴込板階段) with the various components labelled: stringer (sasara-ita ささら板), ‘tread board’ (fumi-ita 踏み板), effective tread depth (fumi-men 踏み面, ‘tread surface’), rise or riser (ke-age 蹴上げ, ‘kick up’), and ‘kick board’ (ke-komi-ita 蹴込み板).
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A ‘box stair’ (hako-kaidan 箱階段) with parts labelled: upper floor (ni-kai yuka ２階床), stair beam (kaidan-uke bari 階段受けばり), tread board (dan-ita 段板 or fumi-ita 踏み板), stringer (gawa-ita 側板), and ‘back boards’ (ura-ita 裏板).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-ciii-entry-areas-3
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2025-11-02
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Mase (馬柵) or masenbо̄ (馬柵ん棒) across the entrance of a modern stable (umaya 厩).
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A magari-ya plan, showing: the everyday hora-mae entrance, here simply called the iri-guchi (入口, ‘entrance’); the sedo no guchi (背戸の口) to the ‘living room’ (jо̄i 常居); the ura-no-guchi (裏の口) to the ‘kitchen’ part of the earth floored niwa (ニワ) or doma (土間) containing the stove (kamado 竃); and the formal entry to the front formal room (omote-zashiki 表座敷), on the ‘verandah’ (engawa 縁側).
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Another magari-ya plan, similar to the one above, but here with a wraparound ‘verandah’ (engawa えんがわ), called a mawari-en (廻り縁).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-cii-entry-areas-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-25
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An interior view of an о̄-do and its surrounds. The high-placed moguri is an old style. Yoshimura family (Yoshimura-ke 吉村家) residence, an Important Cultural Property, О̄saka Prefecture.
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Detail (shо̄sai 詳細) drawings of an о̄-do (大戸) and moguri with a simple but secure door locking (to-jimari 戸締り) mechanism. Here the sliding (hiki-do 引き戸) boarded (ita-do 板戸) moguri is called the kuguri-itado (くぐり板戸), kuguri (くぐり), or koguri (こぐり). The lock itself is called the kururu (くるる) or age-otoshi-saru (上げ落し猿, ‘raise drop monkey’) and is made from zelkova (keyaki けやき, Zelkova serrata), a hardwood. The kururu consists of two operable parts: a timber block or ‘latch’, 18cm long, and a timber ‘bolt’ of the same length. The block is top-hinged to, and fits exactly between, two vertical members of the о̄-do. When the block hangs vertically, it is recessed into the о̄-do so that the kuguri can slide freely past it into the open position. The bolt is connected to the bottom edge of the block by two timber pegs that run through longitudinal slots on the bolt, so that the bolt is restrained up-down but free to move laterally (left-right). To lock the door, the kuguri is closed, and the bottom of the block is swung up so that it obstructs the path of the moguri, with its right edge in contact with the side of the moguri’s left vertical frame member or ‘stile’. To prevent the block from falling back to its vertical ‘open’ position when let go of, the bolt is slid across to the right so it rests against the face of the moguri’s left stile. Arai family (Arai-ke 新井家) residence, Tо̄kyо̄ Prefecture.
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A moguri-do (潜り戸) with three ‘pulls’ (hikite 引手) whose use is differentiated according to class status. Horiuchi family (Horiuchi-ke 堀内家) residence, Nagano Prefecture.
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A barrel-tiled (hon-gawara buki 本瓦葺き) ‘dormer gable’ (chidori-hafu 千鳥破風) genkan-gamae attached to the facade of a thatched (kusa-buki 草葺き) Yamato-mune zukuri (大和棟造り, ‘Yamato ridge style’) minka. Naka family (Naka-ke 中家) residence, an important cultural property, Nara Prefecture.
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The façade of a farmhouse in the Nose (能勢) district, О̄saka Prefecture.
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A single-leaf о̄-do with a two-leaf moguri-do, consisting of one board (ita-do 板戸) leaf and one papered shо̄ji (kami-shо̄ji 紙障子) leaf. Monzai family (Monzai-ke 門西家) residence, Yamagata Prefecture.
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An о̄-do-guchi (大戸口) entry during the day, with a single sliding ‘waisted shо̄ji’ (koshi-shо̄ji 腰障子) panel one ken (間) wide, or around 1.8m, over the opening. О̄saka Prefecture.
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An о̄-do-guchi (大戸口) entry, similar in arrangement to that in the previous image, seen from the interior side. Drawn back to the left is the о̄-do (大戸), with moguri-do (潜り戸), for use at night. Nara Prefecture.
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A hinged (chо̄ban-tsuri 蝶番吊り), inward-opening (uchi-biraki 内開き) о̄-do on a townhouse (machiya 町家) in Gifu Prefecture.
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Lattice doors (kо̄shi-do 格子戸) fitted in the entry opening (to-guchi 戸口) of a typical townhouse (machiya 町家).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-ci-entry-areas-1
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2025-10-22
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A genkan-gamae with a hipped and gabled (iri-moya zukuri 入母屋造り), barrel-tiled (hon-gawara buki 本瓦葺き) roof. With its board platform floor (shiki-dai 式台), maira-do (舞良戸) panels, ‘rainbow beam’ (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁) and other elements, this example is furnished with all the components of the standard or ‘classical’ genkan-kamae. Oku family (Oku-ke 奥家) residence, an Important Cultural Property, О̄saka Prefecture.
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An underslung palanquin (kago 輿), carried on the shoulders.
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A palanquin (kago 輿) carried ‘wheelbarrow style’, with ropes attached to the rails slung around the shoulders.
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The entry of a Buddhist temple building with a ‘Tang gable’ (kara-hafu 唐破風) and other elements that were adopted in minka of affluent families: the gable board pendant (gegyo 懸魚), ‘rainbow beams’ (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁), ornamental blocks (kaeru-mata 蟇股 or 蛙股), and complex post to beam structural transitions.
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A public bath house with a chidori-hafu on its upper roof and a kara-hafu on its lower.
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Illustration of the difference between a Dutch gable (iri-moya-hafu 入母屋破風), left, and a ‘dormer gable’ or ‘plover gable’ (chidori-hafu 千鳥破風), right.
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A gegyo (懸魚), the ornamental pendant at the apex of the gable boards.
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The load from the ridge beam is transferred via a block-and-arm (斗拱 tokyо̄) assembly to a robust, solid kaeru-mata (蟇股), then to the ‘rainbow beam' (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁), and from there to the columns.
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Section of Buddhist architecture showing types of ‘rainbow beam’ (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁): the ‘big rainbow beam’ (о̄-kо̄ryо̄ or dai-kо̄ryо̄ 大虹梁), ‘second tier rainbow beam’ (ni-jū-kо̄ryо̄ 二重虹梁) and ‘rainbow beam’ and ‘connecting rainbow beam’ (tsunagi-kо̄ryо̄ 繋ぎ虹梁).
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The house of a wealthy farmer with a three-stage entry structure (san-dan gamae no iri-guchi 三段構えの入口), consisting of a formal ‘great genkan’ (о̄-genkan 大玄関), a ‘family genkan’ (kazoku no genkan 家族の玄関) with a convex gable (mukuri-hafu 起り破風), and a utilitarian entrance (shimo-mawari no to-guchi 下回りの戸口), out of frame to the left, for servants and menials. Onoguchi family (Onoguchi-ke 小野口家) residence, Tochigi Prefecture.
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Two variants of the Dutch gable or hip-and-gable (入母屋破風) roof: the convex gable (mukuri-hafu 起り破風), left, and the concave gable (sori-hafu 反り破風), right.
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A thatched (kusa-buki 草葺き), hipped and gabled genkan-gamae that incorporates ornamental elements of temple and shrine (sha-ji 社寺) architecture, most notably the carved ‘rainbow beam’ (kо̄ryо̄ 虹梁). This style is common in the northern Kantо̄ region. Formerly a doctor’s residence and ‘clinic’, Tochigi Prefecture.
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A genkan-gamae of straightforward construction, built within the awning-roofed ‘under-eave’ (geya 下屋) space. Okuda family (Okuda-ke 奥田家) residence, an Important Cultural Property, О̄saka Prefecture
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA CI - INTERIORS 42: ENTRY AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
The о̄-genkan (大玄関) of the minka of an old family in the Oku-Tama (奥多摩) district. The thatched (kusa-buki 草葺き) ‘dormer gable’ (chidori-hafu 千鳥破風) has a ‘praying hands’ (gasshо̄ 合掌) ridge ornament (muna-kazari 棟飾り).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-c-toilets-3
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2025-10-10
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Fresh Japanese cypress (sugi 杉, Cryptomeria japonica) boughs laid in a timber box-shaped (hako-gata 箱型) urinal; such urinals were called sugi-ya (杉屋 ‘sugi hut’) and sugi no ha (杉の葉 ‘sugi leaves’). Gifu Prefecture.
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A doorside (toguchi-waki 戸口脇) timber ‘funnel’ (jо̄go 上戸) urinal. Nagano Prefecture.
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An ‘earth pot style’ (do-tsubo-shiki 土壷式) urinal, secured in place with red clay (aka-do 赤土) and lime (sekkai 石灰). Hyо̄go Prefecture.
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A collection of antique porcelain urinals in a museum. Most on the top row are ‘morning glory’ (asagao 朝顔) style fixtures; those on the bottom row are mukо̄-daka (向高, lit. ‘opposite high’), modelled on timber stave buckets.
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Examples of the famous Seto ware. From right: a ‘morning glory’ (asagao 朝顔) style urinal, a mukо̄-daka (向高) style urinal, and shimo-hako (下箱) toilet pan. The pan and its ‘splashback’ (mae-tate 前立て) with cylindrical top-rail are clearly modelled on a timber predecessor.
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An ‘upper toilet’ (kami-benjo 上便所) built at the end of a ‘crossover corridor’ (watari-rо̄ka 渡り廊下) that leads from the ‘verandah’ (en 縁) of the zashiki. Nara Prefecture.
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A tatami-floored kami-benjo (上便所). The porcelain fixtures are sumptuously decorated with peony patterns. The toilet pan has a wooden lid. Sakurai family (Sakurai-ke 桜井家) residence, Ishikawa Prefecture.
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A pair of porcelain toilet slippers.
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A collection of old chūgi, with two rolls of toilet paper for scale.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcix-toilets-2
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2025-10-02
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCIX - INTERIORS 40: TOILETS 2 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of a large henchiya outhouse (bettо̄-benjo (別棟便所) in front its associated minka in Shirakawa-gо̄ (白川郷), Gifu Prefecture.
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The interior of an outhouse (bettо̄-benjo (別棟便所), consisting of a half-buried large tub (о̄-oke 大桶) spanned by two boards. Ibaraki Prefecture.
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Exterior view of a minka showing ‘entry toilet’ (toguchi-benjo 戸口便所), centre, and bathroom (yoku-shitsu 浴室), left. The urinal is a porcelain (tо̄sei 陶製) ‘morning glory’ type (asagao-kata 朝顔型). Kyо̄to Prefecture.
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A porcelain mukо̄-daka (向高) style urinal next to the entrance (kado-guchi 門口) of the residence of a local official (о̄shо̄ya 大圧屋). Okuda residence (Okuda-tei 奥田低), an Important Cultural Property, О̄saka Prefecture.
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Tawara stacked on a hand-cart.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcviii-toilets-1
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0.5
2025-09-25
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCVIII - INTERIORS 39: TOILETS 1 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of an example of a ‘retaining’ type (choryū-shiki 貯留式) toilet. A pot called a koga-tsubo (コガ壷), covered behind pieces of board, is dug in beside the niwa entrance. The pot collects both toilet waste and bathwater, all to be used as fertiliser. From the Hakogi house (Hakogi-ke 箱木家), an Important Cultural Property in Hyо̄go Prefecture. This photograph was taken before the house was relocated and restored to its original form; the toilet shown here no longer exists.
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Plan of the Hakogi house before its relocation and restoration. The bathroom (furo-ba ふろば) and toilet can be seen in the bottom left corner of the earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ), between it and the ‘living room’ (omote おもて) and its ‘verandah’ (en 縁, unlabelled).
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A ‘sand toilet’ (suna-secchin 砂雪隠) in a teahouse garden.
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Exterior view of the suna-secchin hut.
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Plan of a suna-secchin. Labelled are the door (?ki-to,？木戸), stone door sill (to-zuri-ishi 戸すり石), windows (mado 窓), sand (suna 砂), ‘dust hole’ (chiri-ana ちり穴), the left foot stone (ashi-kake-ishi 足かけ石, lit. ‘foot place stone’), right foot stone (mae-ishi 前石, lit. ‘front stone’), ‘urine use stop’ (shо̄yо̄-kaeshi 小用返し) stone, and ‘rear stop’ (ura-gaeshi うら返し) stone. The structure is two tatami mats in area.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCVIII - INTERIORS 39: TOILETS 1 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the kawaya (厠) of the Aidzu Buke-Yashiki (会津武家屋敷), the villa residence of an important samurai in Aidzu-Wakamatsu (会津若松), Fukushima Prefecture. This sophisticated toilet is something of a hybrid: it is a kawaya in the sense that is a ‘drop style’ toilet, though unlike a true kawaya it is not built over flowing water; it is also a suna-secchin toilet, in the sense that the ‘deposit’ is made on sand, though here the sand bed is portable, as as seen in the following photograph.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCVIII - INTERIORS 39: TOILETS 1 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the same kawaya as in the previous image, showing the sand box into which the waste is deposited; the box can be conveniently wheeled out and the waste taken away for burial. Replacement sand is stored in the bays either side of the sand box.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcvii-bathing-areas-5
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2025-09-18
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A mugi-buro (むぎぶろ). The water level in the tub (yokusо̄-nai sui-i 浴槽内水位) can only be as high as the door sill, so the water level is very shallow (15 - 18cm). Labelled are the ‘washing place’ (arai-ba 洗い場), clay (nendo 粘土) stove, (kamado かまど) stove mouth (taki-guchi 焚口), cypress (sugi 杉) tub (yu-daru 湯樽), and bamboo hoops (take no taga 竹のたが). Shiga Prefecture.
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A mugi-buro or oke-buro (桶風呂) in use. Labelled are the ‘steam’ (jо̄ki 蒸気), hot water (yu 湯), ‘bottom board’ (soko-ita 底板), ‘flat kettle’ (hira-gama 平釜), fire (hi 火), and stove (kamado カマド).
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This bath is also a type of mugi-buro, but not as closely sealed as the previous example. After opening the hinged door at the front and entering the tub, one operates the thin bamboo stick propping up the lid to close it. Uemi family (Uemi-ke 上見家) residence, Shiga Prefecture.
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A lacquered (urushi-nuri 漆塗り) bathtub (yu-uke 湯桶). Because lacquer would be damaged by the heat of a stove-type or attached-firebox system, the tub is filled with hot water that has been heated elsewhere. Sakurai family (Sakurai-ke 桜井家) residence, Ishikawa Prefecture.
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A fugo-buro (ふごぶろ ‘basket bath’) in the Suzuka foothills (Suzuka sanroku 鈴鹿山麓). One enters the bath then lowers the lid from above to ‘steam’. The basket bath is a ‘flat kettle direct fire type’ (hira-gama choku-bi shiki 平釜直火式), but was originally a simple ‘unfired’ type, filled with hot water heated elsewhere. Nose family (Nose-ke 野瀬家) residence, Shiga Prefecture.
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This bath is of the same type as the one shown above, but with a pulley and counterweight mechanism to make raising and lowering the basket easier. The basket (shiuta (しうた 載蓋) is, like those used on Sado Island, is in the shape of a sedge hat (suge-gasa 菅笠).
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A fugo-buro with the tub (yu-daru 湯樽) removed, showing the low stove (kamado 釜土) and ‘flat kettle’ (hira-gama 平釜). The bath is set up in the earth-floored utility area (doma 土間), near the back door (sedo-guchi 背戸口). Shiga Prefecture.
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The bathroom at Nijо̄ jinya (二条陣屋), Kyо̄to.
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A relatively modern system that operates on the principle of convection, with two pipes circulating water between the bathtub and a detached iron stove.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcvi-bathing-areas-4
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2025-09-11
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A primitive tub bath (oke-buro 桶風呂). There is no flue (endо̄ 煙道), only a large feeder opening (taki-guchi 焚口). Its efficiency is poor, requiring four or five hours to heat the water. Toyama Prefecture.
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The ‘barrel bath’ or ‘tub bath’ (oke-furo 桶風呂) is portable, so can be set up in a corner of the doma, under the eaves outside as in this example, or elsewhere. Its kettle (kama 釜) has separate feeder opening (taki-guchi 焚口) and exhaust flue (endо̄ 煙道), and represents an improvement in efficiency over what came before.
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A scene full of wild charm: an open-air bath (yaten-buro 野天風呂) screened by banana plants (bashou 芭蕉) on Amami (奄美) Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. Also known as kana-buro (鉄風呂, ‘iron bath’), in which the hot water kettle (yu-gama 湯釜) is used as-is as a bathtub (yoku-sо̄ 浴槽), with the fire directly underneath (jikabi-shiki 直火式, ‘direct fire type’). With the addition of a permanent stove (kamado 釜土) structure, this type of bath evolved into the Goemon-buro (五右衛門風呂); it can be seen that this style, together with the portable ‘tub bath’ (oke-buro 桶風呂), in which a heating apparatus (ka-netsu souchi 加熱装置) is attached to a hot water tub (yu-oke 湯桶), represent the two main paths of development of the ‘bathtub’ (yoku-sou 浴槽).
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Two simple bath types. On the left, a teppо̄-buro (鉄砲風呂 ‘gun bath’), in which fuel is burnt in an iron tube (tetsu no tsutsu 鉄の筒), which transfers its heat directly into the surrounding water. The bather is protected from burns by a fence (kashо̄ bо̄shi no saku 火傷防止の柵, ‘burn prevention fence’). On the right, a Goemon-buro (五右衛門風呂), with stove (kamado 竃), iron pot (tetsu no nabe 鍋), bath tub (furo-oke 風呂桶), and a board (ita 板) which serves double duty, as a lid (futa-ita 蓋板) when the bath is being heated, then as the ‘bottom board’ (soko-ita 底板), placed in the iron pot so the bather can sit in it without being burned.
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Left, a Goemon-buro (五右衛門風呂) with tub (oke 桶), bottom board (soko-ita 底板), cast-iron (chūtetsu-sei 鋳鉄製) ) bath kettle (furo-gama 風呂釜), and stove (kamado かまど). Right, a Chо̄shū-buro (長州風呂), with cast-iron tub/kettle, bottom board, ‘smoke path’ (endо̄ 煙道), stove, and chimney/flue (entotsu 煙突).
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A Chо̄shū-buro built with natural stones with a dedicated bathroom (yoku-shitsu 浴室) built around it.
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Old illustration of a sue-buro (据え風呂, ‘squat/sit down bath’)
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A sue-buro in its bathroom setting. The bath is filled from the single cold tap. The fence separating the bather from the hot firebox is visible in the tib, as is the hole above the firebox for the flue, which is not attached. The low door allows the fire to be conveniently fed from outside with firewood stored under the eaves.
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A detached bath house with a ‘direct fire type’ (jikabi-shiki 直火式) bath, visible on the left, consisting of a wooden tub and shallow iron kettle, with firebox opening below. As a separate structure, the bath house is convenient for morai-buro (貰い風呂), the practice of villagers’ using each others’ baths in turn. Yamagata Prefecture.
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A woman bathing in a barrel bath (oke-buro 桶風呂) with attached firebox and flue, 1911.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCVI - INTERIORS 37: BATHING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A woman bathing in a sue-buro, 1945.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcv-bathing-areas-3
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2025-09-04
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCV - INTERIORS 36: BATHING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
Primitive bath types. Left, a ‘salt bath’ (shio-furo 塩風呂). At around 2.7m in height, it is somewhat larger than the Yase kiln bath, but its method of firing and entry are essentially the same. Pine branches are burnt in it, then grass mats soaked in salt water are laid down. Middle: the Yase ‘kiln bath’ (kama-buro 窯風呂), around 1.8m in height, with a floor area of around three tatami mats, or about 5m2. The floor is laid with flat stones. Right: a ‘stone bath’ (iwa-buro 石風呂) in Sakurai, Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture, made by hollowing out a natural rock hill. The front slope has been stabilised with concrete.
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The Kishimi stone bath (Kishimi ishi-buro 岸見石風呂) in Yamaguchi Prefecture.
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An old kiln bath (kama-buro 窯風呂) preserved in Rakuhoku Yase, Kyо̄to Prefecture.
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Illustration showing the operation of the kara-furo (唐風呂) ‘bathroom’ (yoku-shitsu 浴室) of Hokke-ji (法華痔) temple. Labelled are the kettle (kama 釜), ‘steam’ (jо̄ki 蒸気), grating floor (sunoko スノコ), floor mats (goza ゴザ), cypress (hinoki ヒノキ) fragrant wood (koboku 香木) as herbal medicine (shо̄yaku 生薬), ‘water place’ (mizu-ba 水場), and entry/exit (de-iri-guchi 出入口).
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Exterior view of the kara-furo (浴室) of Hokke-ji temple.
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Interior view of the kara-furo (浴室) of Hokke-ji temple.
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A zakuro-guchi (ざくろ口) entrance in the bathroom (yu-dono 湯殿) of a reconstructed inn (hatago-ya 旅籠屋) in Kiso, Nagano Prefecture. The zakuro-guchi prevents the dispersal of steam; in the past these entrances were even smaller. The yu-dono has a wainscot of stone cladding, and the floor is laid with timber boards that are scored to prevent slipping.
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Illustration of an individual steam bath for private domestic use, the todana-buro (戸棚風呂, ‘cupboard bath’). Labelled are the door (to 戸), the ‘washing place’ (arai-ba 洗い場), and the firebox door (taki-guchi 焚き口).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xciv-bathing-areas-2
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2025-08-28
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In a yu-ami style (yu-ami keishiki 湯浴み) ‘bathroom’ (yu-dono 湯殿), there are no facilities or fixtures whatsoever, other than the fall given to the floorboards to ensure good drainage. Of those that survive, many are used as storage rooms. Former Sasaki family (Sasaki-ke 佐々木家) residence, Nagano Prefecture, now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kanagawa Prefecture.
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In most minka in the Iya-dani region of Shikoku, the toilet and bathing place project out from the centre of the southern facade. Nishimoto family (Nishimoto-ke 西本家) residence.
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A toilet and bath established on the zashiki engawa. The bathroom flanks the entrance on the right. The bath is a ‘flue heated type’ (endо̄-kanetsu-shiki 煙道加熱式), called a Chōshū bath (chōshū-buro 長州風呂). The bathwater drains into the ‘toilet pot’ (ben-ko 便壷), also known as the ‘fertiliser pot’ (koe-tsubo 肥壷), to be used along with excreta as fertiliser (hi-ryō 肥料). This pot is called a kago-tsubo (カゴ壷); it is almost two metres in diameter, and is secured in place with red clay (aka-tsuchi 赤土). Hyōgo Prefecture.
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A Chōshū bath (chōshū-buro 長州風呂) of the type used in the minka shown above.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xciii-bathing-areas-1
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2025-08-21
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A traditional ‘water bucket’ (mizu-oke 水桶) or ‘hand bucket’ (te-oke 手桶).
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A heso-buro (へそ風呂) in a museum.
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An old photograph of a heso-buro in situ.
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A fertiliser pot (koe-tsubo 肥壷).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xcii-formal-areas-9
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2025-08-14
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A batten ceiling (sao-buchi tenjо̄ 竿縁天井) in a zashiki. The battens (sao-buchi), as is customary, run parallel to the wall in which the tokonoma is contained, and are spaced at four per ken (間 1.81m), or about 455mm. Isa family (Isa-ke 伊佐家) residence, Kyо̄to Prefecture.
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The ceiling battens and ‘cornices’ (mawari-buchi 廻縁) of the batten ceiling (sao-buchi tenjо̄ 竿縁天井) in this ‘high spec’ zashiki, like most of the other timber members visible here, are lacquered (urushi-nuri 漆塗り). Sakurai family (Sakurai-ke 桜井家) residence, Ishikawa Prefecture.
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A coffered ceiling (gо̄-tenjо̄ 格天井) installed in a building under construction. Labelled are the ‘lattice battens’ (gо̄-buchi 格縁) and flat-sawn (ita-me 板目) ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板).
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A carpenter installing ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板) over the ceiling battens (sao-buchi 竿縁) in a new ceiling.
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A batten ceiling (sao-buchi tenjо̄ 竿縁天井) illustrated from above and below, showing ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板), battens (sao-buchi 竿縁), ‘cornices’ (mawari-buchi 廻り縁), batten hangers (tsuri-ki 吊木 or 釣木), hanger support (tsuri-ki uke 吊木受け), and ‘over battens’ (no-buchi 野縁 or ura-san 裏桟). Common standard pitches for the battens are 303mm, 455mm, 606mm, and 910mm.
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Illustration showing various batten (saobuchi さお縁) profiles (keijо̄ 形状) and dimensions (sunpо̄ 寸法). In an example of traditional builders’ understanding of fractal scaling and proportionality in design, dimensions are given not in absolute units but as fractions of the building’s structural post (hashira 柱) dimensions. For example, if the post dimensions were 100mm x 100mm, the batten at top left would be 25mm x 25mm, with 10mm chamfers.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCII - INTERIORS 33: FORMAL AREAS 9 - Make it stand out
A traditional, labour-intensive method of hanging the battens (sao-buchi さお縁) from the hangers tsuri-ki 釣木), using a type of dovetail joint called yose-ari (寄せあり, lit. ‘draw together ant’) and a peg or wedge (komi-sen 込み栓). The ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板) are cut around the joint and the cut is concealed by the batten.
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More modern methods of construction: above, the hanger and ‘overbatten’ (no-buchi 野縁) are nailed together; below, the batten (sao-buchi さお縁) is suspended from a wire (tsuri-tessen 釣り鉄線) and screw eye (hiiton ヒートン).
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With very thin ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板), in this case 3mm, the lap can be formed by simply bending the timber.
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Methods used for lapping thicker ceiling boards include: above, thinning a part of one board with a channel so it can be bent over the chamfered edge of the other; and below, inserting the double-bevelled edge of one board into the saw-cut edge of the other.
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This ceiling, from a minka on Hachijо̄ Island (Hachijо̄ jima 八丈島), is a type of batten ceiling (sao-buchi tenjо̄ 竿縁天井) that combines sections of the typical board (tenjо̄-ita 天井板) and batten construction with sections of screen (sunoko 簀の子) and batten construction, as seen here. This type of ceiling is known as kiri-ko tenjо̄ (切り子天井). Okiyama family (Okiyama-ke 沖山家) residence, Tо̄kyо̄ Prefecture.
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The enclosed geya space ‘verandah’ (engawa 縁側) of this building boasts a fine keshо̄ yane-ura (化粧屋根裏, lit. ‘cosmetic roof underside’) with very high quality defect-free rafters (taruki 垂木) and cosmetic sub-roof boards (keshо̄ noji-ita 化粧野地板).
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The rear of this tea-room (cha-shitsu 茶室) features a kake-komi tenjо̄ (掛込み天井) that incorporates (or imitates) the geya space roof.
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The main ceiling in this image is a bamboo screen ceiling (sunoko tenjо̄ 簀の子天井), spread on its upper side with a floor of matting (mushiro 莚). The sloped ‘descending ceiling’ (kudari tenjо̄ 下り天井) over the eave space (geya 下屋) is a ‘cosmetic under-roof’ (keshо̄ koya-ura 化粧小屋裏) consisting of reed screens (yoshizu 葭簀) laid over bamboo rafters (taruki 垂木 or 棰). Nomura family (Nomura-ke 野村家) residence, Shiga Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCII - INTERIORS 33: FORMAL AREAS 9 - Make it stand out
In this type of bamboo screen ceiling (sunoko tenjо̄ 簀の子天井) known as yamato tenjо̄ (大和天井), the upper side of the screen is plastered with clay. Yamato tenjо̄ are often used above the earth-floored utility area (doma 土間) and above the non-formal gathering or ‘living’ rooms of the dwelling. Hirai family (Hirai-ke 平井家), Shiga Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xci-formal-areas-8
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2025-08-08
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The en in this minka connects the semi-formal dei (でい) and formal zashiki (ざしき). The verandah boards are laid perpendicular to the walls of the building. The outer edge of the en is fitted with sliding storm shutters of the saikо̄ amado (採光雨戸, ‘lighting storm shutter’) type, allowing some light to enter the interior even when the shutters are drawn.
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A wraparound or return verandah (mawari-en 回り縁) serves the front zashiki (mae-no-zashiki まえのざしき) and rear zashiki (oku-zashiki おくざしき) of this minka. The verandah boards are laid parallel to the walls of the building. Sliding storm shutters (amado 雨戸), indicated by dashed lines, are fitted to the outer edge of the en and stored in pockets at the corner and upper end of the mawari-en.
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An eye-level view of a kiri-me en (切目縁) on a temple building, showing the exposed end-grain (kiri-me 切目) of the boards.
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The boards at the corners of a kiri-me en can be resolved with a square ‘tо̄fu board’ (tо̄fu-ita 豆腐板), as seen here.
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Here the kiri-me en corners are resolved by laying the boards radially.
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Illustration showing the difference between kure-en (槫縁) and kiri-me en (切目縁).
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A nure-en (濡れ縁), protected by very deep eaves.
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Left, a gai-en (外縁), exterior to the opening fittings (tategu 建具) and exposed to the weather; centre, a nai-en (内縁), with the tategu, likely storm shutters (amado), on its exterior side; right, an iri-gawa en (入側縁), with papered shо̄ji on its interior side and likely glazed shо̄ji and amado on its exterior side, and a narrow, exposed nure-en (濡れ縁) beyond that.
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In this old, pre-glass minka, the shouji and amado are both in the external wall plane; the narrow, bench-like en is exposed (nure-en) and laid with two wide, thick boards that run parallel to the wall. There is a pair of storm shutters (amado 雨戸), running in two parallel tracks, in each bay within the depth of the posts, so only half the openings can be utilised to admit light into the interior, unless the amado are removed completely and stored elsewhere.
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Another view of the minka shown above.
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This image shows two different design solutions. At left, the storm shutters (amado) are in the external wall plane with the shо̄ji; the en is a simple, seemingly unfixed, bench; at centre/right of the image, the amado are positioned at the external edge of the en, with the shо̄ji in the external wall plane, forming a semi-internal corridor.
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A tatami-laid iri-gawa en, with papered shо̄ji on its interior side, and amado on its exterior side, all running in a single groove and retracted into a shutter box (to-bukuro 戸袋, lit. ‘door bag’). Exterior to the amado is a narrow nure-en at a lower level, called an ochi-en (落縁, ‘dropped en’), with kure-en (槫縁) boards.
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A nai-en at a lower level to the main floor, with papered shо̄ji, storm shutters (amado) running in a single groove and retracted into a shutter box (to-bukuro 戸袋), and kure-en (槫縁) boards.
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This iri-gawa hiro-en (入側広縁) consists of a tatami-laid (tatami-shiki 畳敷き) part and a part laid with long, narrow en-kure boards en-kure-ita 縁槫板). A very narrow bamboo grate (take-su 竹簀) ‘dropped en’ (ochi-en 落縁) is visible between the hiro-en and the garden. Yoshimura family (Yoshimura-ke 吉村家) residence, О̄saka Prefecture, an Important Cultural Property.
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A later style of en: an iri-gawa en with waisted, glazed shо̄ji to its exterior side, semi-papered, semi-glazed waisted shо̄ji to its interior side, and kiri-me en floor boards with a ‘tо̄fu board’ at the corner.
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Image showing the zashiki and iri-gawa en of a high-class residence. The shо̄ji between zashiki and en is paper-clad; the zashiki is enclosed with glazed panels, indicating this building as having been built in the Meiji period or later.
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A hiro-en (広縁) with en-kure (縁槫) boards, laid perpendicularly to the wall. Here the sliding storm shutters (amado) to the exterior side of the hiro-en do not all run in a single track to retract into a shutter box (tobukuro 戸袋) at the end of the run; rather there is a pair of amado, running in two parallel tracks, in each bay between the posts, which are at one ken (1.81m) centres. Thus only half the exterior side of the hiro-en can be opened up, unless the amado are removed completely and stored elsewhere. Arai family (Arai-ke 荒井家) residence, Tochigi Prefecture, an Important Cultural Property.
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A very Japanese composition: a zig-zagging hiro-en, with wide, thick kiri-me en boards, affording glimpses of the zashiki. Okazaki family (Okazaki-ke 岡崎家) residence, Hiroshima Prefecture.
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A tatami-laid iri-gawa en with a kiri-me board-laid nure-en. Okamoto family (Okamoto-ke 岡本家) residence, Tochigi Prefecture.
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A hiro-en with partly paper-clad, partly glazed, waisted ‘snow viewing’ shо̄ji (yuki-mi shо̄ji 雪見障子) and external amado running on a single track and retracted into a shutter box (tobukuro 戸袋), visible in the background of the image. Here the end-grain of the kiri-me boards is protected by a board or bearer running parallel to the wall. Kyо̄to Prefecture.
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A chiku-en (竹縁 ‘bamboo en’), leading to a toilet.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XCI - INTERIORS 32: FORMAL AREAS 8 - Make it stand out
Various styles of naguri (名栗) or adze-finished timber
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xc-formal-areas-1
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Akari-shо̄ji used in the main opening and above the transom, demonstrating the dappling and shadow effects characteristic of shо̄ji, not possible with glazed windows.
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Illustration showing ha-jitomi (半蔀).
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Paper-covered ha-jitomi (半蔀) on a Buddhist temple. The upper panels are top-hung and suspended from iron hooks that hang down from the eave rafters.
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Primitive strut-propped board shitomi in a warm-climate minka.
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A pair of painted koshi-daka shо̄ji (腰高障子) from the Azuchi-Momoyama period (Azuchi-Momoyama jidai 安土桃山時代 , 1573 - 1603).
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Sliding storm shutters (amado 雨戸) protect the akari-shо̄ji in this minka.
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Illustration of a generic ‘waisted’ (koshi-zuke 腰付け) akari-shо̄ji with the parts labelled: top rail (kami-zan 上桟), lattice ‘muntins’ (kumiko 組子), stiles (kamachi 框), mid-rail (naka-zan 中桟), ‘waist board’ (koshi-ita 腰板), and bottom rail (shimo-zan 下桟).
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Illustration of some of the common variants of the basic shо̄ji. Top row: koshi-zuke tate-shige yoko-bitai iri (腰付縦しげ横額入り, lit. ‘waisted vertical frequent horizontal picture-frame inserted’); koshi-zuke ara-gumi о̄-bitai iri (腰付荒組大額入り, lit. ‘waisted rough grid big picture-frame inserted’); mizu-koshi ara-gumi yuki-mi (水腰粗組雪見, lit. ‘water waisted rough grid snow view’). Bottom row: koshi-zuke yoko-shige bitai iri (腰付横しげ額入り, lit. ‘waisted horizontal frequent picture-frame inserted’); mizu-koshi ara-gumi mu-chi (水腰粗組無地, lit. ‘water waisted rough grid no ground’); koshi-zuke yoko-shige neko-ma (腰付横しげ猫間, lit. ‘waisted horizontal frequent cat space’).
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Mizu-shо̄ji (水障子) with no ‘waist board’ (koshi-ita 腰板), only a bottom rail (shimo-zan 下桟), so the paper and lattice (kumiko 組子) extend almost to the floor.
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Yuki-mi shо̄ji (雪見障子) in the end wall of a relatively modern dwelling
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XC - INTERIORS 31: FORMAL AREAS 7 - Make it stand out
Even in minka of the higher classes there are examples, as here, where a ‘frieze rail’ (nageshi 長押) is not present, and a deep, grooved lintel beam (sashi-gamoi 差鴨居) is used instead. The transom panels (ranma 欄間) between the rooms are magnificent ‘through-carved’ (tо̄shi-bori 透し彫り) ‘board ranma’ (ita-ranma 板欄間), while between the far room and the external verandah (en 縁) there are sliding shо̄ji panels. The opaque fusuma (襖) partitions are painted in the ‘flower-and-bird picture’ (kachо̄-zu 花鳥図) genre by a famous artist. О̄kaku family (О̄sumi-ke 大角家) residence, Shiga Prefecture, an Important Cultural Property. 東海道 の本陣 梅の木 茶屋是斉屋
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Two styles of ranma are used in this space: on the left, an elaborately-carved ita-ranma (板欄間); on the right, a fine lattice osa-ranma (筬欄間).
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A ‘comb-shaped’ ranma (kushi-kata ranma 櫛形欄間), with two sliding shо̄ji panels covering the shita-ji mado opening.
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A ‘corner cut’ ranma (sumi-kiri ranma 隅切欄間), with two sliding shо̄ji panels covering the shita-ji mado opening. The main opening consists of four yuki-mi shо̄ji.
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The silhouette of a ‘flame window’ (katо̄-mado 火灯窓) viewed through closed akari-shо̄ji.
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A removeable kake-shо̄ji (掛障子, ‘hanging shо̄ji), used on smaller windows such as shitaji mado. It is suspended by its ‘horns’ (tsuno 角) on two hooks and restrained at the bottom by a third centre hook.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxix-formal-areas-6
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Shо̄ji in the external wall of a sukiya-zukuri style building. When shо̄ji are in the external wall, the paper is on the external side.
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A modern house or apartment fitted with shо̄ji on the external window and fusuma between rooms.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIX - INTERIORS 30: FORMAL AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Illustration of a tsui-tate (衝立) shо̄ji, right, and byо̄bu (屏風), left, possibly from the Heian period (Heian jidai 平安時代, 794 - 1185).
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A painted standing screen (tsui-tate 衝立).
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A standing folding screen (byо̄bu 屏風).
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Two papered shita-ji mado (下地窓) in the wall of a building, possibly a tea-house, in the refined sukiya-zukuri (数寄屋造り) style. The windows are provided with external hooks to hang shutters from.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIX - INTERIORS 30: FORMAL AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Kiri-mado (切り窓, ‘cut window’) in the wall of a timber-clad minka.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxviii-formal-areas-5
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2025-07-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVIII - INTERIORS 29: FORMAL AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
In this modern zashiki, the tokonoma (床の間) is between the toko-waki (床脇) and the shoin (書院), which is conventional, but there is also a closet (oshi-ire 押入) in the same wall, which detracts from the shoin-toknoma-tokowaki composition.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVIII - INTERIORS 29: FORMAL AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
A ‘fan shelf’ (sensu-dana 扇子棚).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVIII - INTERIORS 29: FORMAL AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
Elements of the toko-waki labelled: the upper cabinet or cupboard (ten-bukuro 天袋) and ‘head’ (kamoi 鴨居), staggered shelves (chigai-dana 違棚) with ‘shrimp post’ (ebi-tsuka 海老束) and ‘brush return’ (fude-kaeshi), lower cabinet (ji-bukuro 地袋) with sill (oki-jikii 置敷居) and half-post or end-post (hо̄date 方立 or han-tsuka 半束), and ‘ground board’ (ji-ita 地板),
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Mist pattern (kasumigata 霞型).
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Elements of the chigai-dana (違棚): ‘brush return’ (fude-kaeshi 筆返し) with ‘stop’ (tomari とまり) and ‘pigeon breast’ (hato-mune 鳩胸), ‘shrimp post’ (ebi-tsuka 海老束).
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A ‘Kansai style’ (Kansai-fū 関西風) zashiki with something of a sukiya-style (sukiya-fū 数寄屋風) flavour. The toko-waki is absent, or at least devoid of any of the elements of a typical toko-waki, and the tatami extends to the rear wall. Okuda family (Okuda-ke 奥田家) residence, О̄saka, an Important Cultural Property.
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A fairly ‘classic’ zashiki layout with tokonoma, shoin, and tokowaki. Masuda family (Masuda-ke 増田家) home, Wakayama Prefecture, an Important Cultural Property.
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This toko-waki has upper cabinet (ten-bukuro) and a half-width lower cabinet (ji-bukuro) with fude-kaeshi. Sakurai family (Sakurai-ke 桜井家) residence, Ishikawa Prefecture
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A contemporary zashiki with a minimal toko-waki (left), marked only by its floor board and low ‘ceiling’.
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The tokonoma and toko-waki (out of frame to the right) in this zashiki are paper-hung (hari-tsuke 貼付け), as evidenced by the visible rippling in the paper in the tokonoma.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxvii-formal-areas-4
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVII - INTERIORS 28: FORMAL AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
The tokonoma (left) and shoin (書院, right) of an older-style zashiki, in which tokonoma, as here, are generally shallow. The projection of the de-shoin (出書院) is roughly the same depth as that of the tokonoma. The shо̄ji of this shoin have ‘wainscot panels’ (koshi-ita 腰板) and are in the fuki-yose (吹寄せ) style, meaning they feature grouped (in this case doubled and tripled) ‘muntins’ (san 桟). Naka family (Naka-ke 中家), Nara Prefecture, designated an Important Cultural Property.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVII - INTERIORS 28: FORMAL AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A contemporary zashiki with a traditional design. The de-shoin or tsuke-shoin is in the kakekomi (駈け込み) style: beginning at the rear wall of, and half within, the tokonoma.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXVII - INTERIORS 28: FORMAL AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
Here the shoin is a half-length hira-shoin with only its kake-komi part; it has essentially been reduced to a window in the tokonoma.
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A contemporary zashiki. There is a hira-shoin in kake-komi style, but the toko-waki (the alcove flanking the tokonoma) also has aspects of a de-shoin, featuring a low desk-like shelf and shouji window instead of the usual shelves and cabinets.
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A round window (maru-mado 丸窓) kake-komi hira-shoin.
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A contemporary zashiki with full-length (one ken or 1.81m) tsuke-shoin featuring fine latticework shouji and transom panel (ranma 欄間).
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A tsuke-shoin in kake-komi style with a ‘flame window’ (katо̄-mado 火灯窓). Yanohara family (Yanohara-ke 矢篦原家) house, formerly Gifu Prefecture, now in Sankei Gardens (Sankei-en 三渓園), Yokohama City.
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The de-shoin or tsuke-shoin as it appears from the engawa.
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In something of a restoration of the original function of the shoin as an ‘office’, in this zashiki a low table, perhaps used for writing letters or practising calligraphy, has been placed up against the hira-shoin.
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Here the shoin (left) occupies the place normally held by the toko-waki; conversely, one could say that the toko-waki has a shoin-like design.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxvi-formal-areas-3
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2025-07-22
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A zashiki in hon-doko configuration, with toko-waki to the left of the tokonoma, and shoin to the right.
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The interior ‘facade’ elevation of a zashiki, in gyaku-toko configuration, with the toknoma (床の間) on the left, the shoin (書院) to the left of the tokonoma, and the toko-waki (床脇) to the right..
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Another gyaku-toko configuration. The toko post (toko-bashira 床柱) which occupies a prominent position at or near the centre of the field of view. Other main elements of the tokonoma are labelled: The toko sill (toko-gamachi 床框); the ‘sill stump’ (kamachi-zuka 框束); the toko board (toko-ita 床板); the ‘skirting board’ (zoukin-zuri 雑巾摺); the floor board in front of the toko (ji-ita); and the toko head timber (otoshi-kake 落掛).
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Squared log posts (centre) known as men-kawa bashira (面皮柱).
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Very finely finished toko-bashira on display.
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A selection of henboku (変木) toko-bashira, ranging from plain to what might almost be termed baroque.
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A selection of high-end toko-bashira from a supplier’s catalogue. The sugi post in the lower right corner costs 1,800,000 yen for a 150mm diameter, 2,950mm long post: about $12,000 USD at the 2025 exchange rate.
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In a conventional tokonoma design, the chin-kuguri (ちんくぐり) opening between the tokonoma and toko-waki is around 40 - 60cm high.
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A somewhat garish chin-gukuri made with a section of hollow log.
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In this example, the tokonoma head timber, known as the otoshi-gake (落とし掛) is set significantly higher than the regular head ‘lintel’ (kamoi 鴨居) and picture rail (nageshi) that run around the rest of the zashiki at ‘head datum’ (uchi-nori 内法) height. The effect of the chin-kuguri in bringing more light into the toko-waki is evident here.
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Illustration of three methods for resolving the termination of the nageshi at the toko-bashira. Left, the makura-sabaki (枕さばき, lit. ‘pillow handling’); centre, the kata-sabaki (片さばき, lit. ‘part handling’); right, the hina-dome (ひな留め, lit. ‘chick stop’).
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Three methods of resolving the nageshi, shown in plan view.
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Image showing a hina-dome nageshi being prepared; the exposed end is given a ‘cap’ so the face grain returns around the end of the timber
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The nageshi with end ‘cap’ installed.
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The nageshi in place against the tokobashira. In the kiri-me dou-tsuki (切目胴突 or 切目胴付き) style, the nageshi is extended across 7/10ths the width of the face of the tokobashira.
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In the makura-sabaki style, the nageshi wraps around the toko-bashira to terminate on its rear face.
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A tokonoma featuring an usuberi tatami floor, a squared log toko-gamachi with stained upper surface and natural rounded face, and a wide, finely grained jiban.
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An ita-datami (‘board tatami’) floored tokonoma. The sill edge of the board terminates at the wall against a ‘sill stump’ (kamachi-dzuka 框束).
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An example of walls in their ara-kabe 荒壁 state, with base ‘daub’ plaster applied but before the application of the finish plaster (shikkui 漆喰). The rear, generally unseen side of the bulkhead (tare-kabe) of the tokonoma is left in this state, without finish plaster.
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Interior of a zashiki furnished with tokonoma, tokowaki with chigai-dana and tenbukuro, and shoin. Masuda family (Masuda-ke 増田家) house, Wakayama Prefecture, designated an Important Cultural Property.
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A ‘Kansai style’ (Kansai-fū 関西風) zashiki with a hint of the sukiya style (sukiya-fū 数寄屋). Sukiya construction (数寄屋造り sukiya-zukuri) is a refined architectural style of mannered rusticity and deliberate austerity that arose out of tea house architecture, and emphasises the natural qualities of materials over opulence and ornament. There is no picture rail (nageshi); the toko post (toko-bashira) is a squared log (men-kawa bashira); the toko-waki is tatami-floored and without shelves or cabinets.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxv-formal-areas-2
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2025-06-26
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Diagrammatic section and plan of a shinden, showing the two rings of posts that delineate the inner moya (母屋, lit. ‘mother building/roof’) space, corresponding to the jо̄ya of the minka, and the outer hisashi (庇, ‘eave’) space, corresponding to the geya.
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Plan of the former Furui family (Furui-ke 古井家) residence, Hyо̄go Prefecture, a three-room layout minka, showing the jо̄ya (上屋) space (white), and the geya (下屋) space (the blue perimeter band). In this relatively primitive minka, the geya space has largely not been rationally incorporated into the plan to form closets, etc.; rather, the jо̄ya posts are for the most part freestanding in the interior spaces.
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Transverse section of the Furui house, with geya shown in blue.
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Longitudinal section of the Furui house, with the geya shown in blue.
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In this Muromachi period minka, the development of a tokonoma is hinted at in the utilisation of the geya space in the omote to house the Buddhist altar (butsudan), Shintо̄ shrine, and other ornamental items. Furui family (Furui-ke 古井家) house, Hyо̄go Prefecture, designated an Important Cultural Property.
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The geya space in this minka is more typical than that of in the Furui house in that here, as in most minka, it is partial or ‘broken’, not running the full circumference of the building. It contains ornamental alcove (toko とこ), Buddhist alcove (butsuma 卍), bath (nyūyoku 入浴), storage (shūnо̄ 収納), urinal (shо̄ben 小便), and verandah (engawa, unlabelled).
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Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxiv-formal-areas-1
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0.5
2025-06-19
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A zashiki seen from the ‘second room’ (tsugi-no-ma 次の間), showing ornamental alcove (toko-no-ma 床の間), ‘study’ alcove (shoin 書院), squared-log post (men-kawa bashira 面皮柱), picture rail (nageshi 長押) with ornamental ‘nail hiders’ (kugi-kakushi 釘隠し), and fine carved transom panels (ranma 欄間) between the rooms and between the tsugi-no-ma and ‘verandah’ (engawa 縁側). Yoshimura house (Yoshimura-ke 吉村家), О̄saka Prefecture, designated an Important Cultural Property.
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The ‘facade’ interior elevation of a large, high-ceilinged zashiki. A good archetypal example, with: decorative alcove (tokonoma 床の間), left, displaying hanging scroll; a ‘flanking alcove’ (toko-waki 床脇), centre right, with staggered shelves (chigai-dana 違い棚) and upper cabinets (tenbukuro 天袋); a ‘study’ or ‘desk’ (shoiin 書院), right; a fine lattice transom (ranma 欄間), top left, above the entry opening; a picture rail (nageshi 長押) running around the room at head datum (uchi-nori 内法) height; an ornamental metal ‘nail hider’ (kugi-kakushi 釘隠し) on the nageshi where it meets the tokonoma post (toko-bashira 床柱); and a board and batten (sao-buchi 竿縁) ceiling.
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Another zashiki, with many of the same elements shown in the zashiki above. The half-glazed shо̄ji, left, indicate this to be a relatively modern example.
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A regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori 整形四間取り), showing the zashiki (ざしき) in the upper (furthest from the earth-floored utility area niwa にわ) front (facade-side) quadrant, with gable-end (tsuma 妻) decorative alcove (toko とこ), called a tsuma-doko (妻床), and adjacent Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間). Toko and butsuma are contained in a lean-to structure outside the perimeter of the main building.
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Another example of a gable-end toko (tsuma-dokoi 妻床), this time in a ‘perpendicular stagger’ (yoko-chigai-gata 横違い型) four-room layout (yon-madori 四間取り). The blind gable end (tsuma 妻) is entirely taken up with toko (とこ) and butsuma (卍) in the zashiki, and closet (oshi-ire 押入) in the rear bedroom (oku おく).
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This regular four-room layout shows the minka in its original form, with a Buddhist alcove (butsuma, 卍) and cupboard (todana 戸棚) between the zashiki (ざしき) and bedroom/storage room (nando なんど); later a gable-end toko (tsuma-doko 妻床) was added as a lean-to structure, shown as a dashed line outside the exterior wall line of the main building.
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This ‘wrapped hiroma’ (tori-maki hiroma-gata 取巻き広間型) layout, originally a front-zashiki three-room layout (mae-zashikisan-madori 前座敷三間取り) to which a rear kagi-zashiki (here ‘upper zashiki’ kami-zashiki かみざしき) has been added. This example solves the problem of where to place the tokonoma by omitting it.
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A minka with two zashiki: the front zashiki, here called toba-no-ma (とばのま), and the rear kagi-zashiki, here called the oku (おく). The oku contains a long-side toko (hira-doko 平床), and next to it a storage closet (mono-ire ものいれ). The Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked with swastika manji 卍), is in the room named zashiki (ざしき), which confusingly is not the formal room; at best it is semi-formal, used for courting/socialising (kousai 交際) but also for rearing silkworms (chisan shi-iku 稚蚕飼育).
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Another example of a kagi-zashiki layout, this one regular (seikei 整形), with front zashiki (mae-no-zashiki まえのざしき) and rear zashiki (oku-zashiki 奥座敷). Here, the name mae-no-zashiki actually covers two rooms: the formal zashiki proper in the front upper quadrant, and a less formal ‘living room’ (ima 居間) in the front lower quadrant, adjacent to the earth-floored utility area (daidoko だいどこ). A wraparound verandah (mawari-en 回り縁) connects these three rooms; in the oku-zashiki there is a shoin, here called an akadoko (アカドコ), next to the toko, projecting out into the mawari-en.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIV - INTERIORS 25: FORMAL AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
The zashiki of a rustic minka in the Tо̄hoku region. The tokonoma (床の間, left) is bare; the toko-waki (床脇) space next to the tokonoma is occupied by the Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇); there is no ceiling, picture rail (nageshi 長押), or separate ‘attached door heads’ (tsuke-kamoi 付鴨居); instead, grooves to take the sliding partitions are cut directly into the lintel beams. Former residence of the Fujiwara family (Fujiwara-ke 藤原家), Iwate Prefecture, now relocated to the Open Air Museum of Old Japanese Farmhouses (Minka Shuuraku Hakubutsukan 民家集落博物館), О̄saka Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxiii-living-areas-4
monthly
0.5
2025-06-13
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
This oshi-ita (押板), on the left, is in its most conventional position: adjoining the formal bedroom entrance (chо̄dai-gamae 帳台構え) on the right, and behind the master’s seat (yoko-za 横座) at the firepit (irori 囲炉裏). Former residence of the Kitamura family (Kitamura-ke 北村家), Kanagawa Prefecture, now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kawasaki Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
An archetypal and rarely-seen style of south-facing oshi-ita, located ‘up’ from the yoko-za seating position at the firepit (irori). Conventionally, the yoko-za faces the doma, which contains the entrance to the dwelling, to the east; here the doma is largely partitioned off and seemingly obscured from the living area, so a south-facing yoko-za that overlooks the unpartitioned part of the doma-living boundary, where people step up from the doma into the living area, is the most logical ‘surveillance position’. Adjacent to the oshi-ita, and to the left of the lantern in the image, is the bedroom entrance with timber panelled sliding door(s). The oshi-ita is decorated with a flower vase and Buddhist picture scroll. Former Kiyomiya family (Kiyomiya-ke 清宮家) residence, Kanagawa Prefecture; now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kawasaki Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Kiyomiya house, showing the south-facing oshi-ita (押板) and bedroom entrance to the rear (north) of the irori (炉) in the ‘living room’ (hiroma ひろま), and the earth-floored utility area (dēdoko でえどこ) to the east. Also shown are the lattice partitions (kо̄shi-mado 格子窓) and the ‘step up sill’ (agari-gamachi 上り框) between the hiroma and the dēdoko
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
Another view of the oshi-ita in the hiroma of the Kiyomiya house, between the entrance to the ‘drawing room’ (dē でえ) to the left and the entrance to the bedroom (ura-beya うらべや) to the right.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
The Kitamura family (Kitamura-ke 北村家) residence, Toyama Prefecture (not to be confused with the Kitamura house from Kanagawa Prefecture above). A high-status oshi-ita (押板), with a shelved upper cabinet (ten-bukuro to-dana 天袋戸棚) and full-width shelf (hito-moji dana 一文字棚). Designated an Important Cultural Property.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
This example also has a ten-bukuro upper cabinet, but no intermediate shelf. Murakami family (Murakami-ke 村上家) residence, Toyama Prefecture, designated an Important Cultural Property.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXIII - INTERIORS 24: LIVING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
On the right is a relatively deep oshi-ita, known as a kusun-doko. Former residence of the Emuki family (Emuki-ke 江向家), Toyama Prefecture; now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kawasaki Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxii-living-areas-3
monthly
0.5
2025-06-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXII - INTERIORS 23: LIVING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
In old rear zashiki (oku-zashiki 奥座敷) without tokonoma, ornamentive attention is given to the front of the butsuma, so it serves as the decorative element in the zashiki. Yamamoto family (Yamamoto-ke 山本家) residence, О̄saka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXII - INTERIORS 23: LIVING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
At the rear of the rear zashiki (oku-zashiki 奥座敷), the Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) sits in a Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間) of around one tatami mat in area. The butsuma is built as a lean-to structure that projects out from the gable-end wall, to ensure that there is no upper floor above it, so the taboo against treading on the floor above the butsudan cannot be broken. This style of butsuma is common in the Hokuriku region. Former residence of the Emuki family (Emuki-ke 江向家), Toyama Prefecture; now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kawasaki Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXII - INTERIORS 23: LIVING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
The butsudan of the Hokuriku region, where the Shinshū sect of Buddhism is popular, are large, and possess a solemn dignity. These spaces also served as meeting places for adherents. Kuromaru family (Kuromaru-ke 黒丸家) residence, Ishikawa Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXII - INTERIORS 23: LIVING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
A butsudan and kami-dana installed in the living room (joi 常居) of an L-plan (magari-ya 曲り屋) minka. Nakayashiki family (Nakayashiki-ke 中屋敷家) residence, Iwate Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXII - INTERIORS 23: LIVING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
An archetypal and rarely-seen style of south-facing oshi-ita, located ‘up’ from the yoko-za seating position at the firepit (irori). Conventionally, the yoko-za faces the doma, which contains the entrance to the dwelling, to the east; here the doma is largely walled off and obscured from the living area, so a south-facing yoko-za that overlooks the unpartitioned part of the doma-living boundary, where people step up from the doma into the living area, is the most logical ‘surveillance position’. Adjacent to the oshi-ita, and to the left of the lantern in the image, is the bedroom entrance with timber panelled sliding door(s). The oshi-ita is decorated with a flower vase and Buddhist picture scroll. Former Kiyomiya family (Kiyomiya-ke 清宮家) residence, Kanagawa Prefecture; now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園), Kawasaki Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxxi-living-areas-2
monthly
0.5
2025-05-30
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXI - INTERIORS 22: LIVING AREAS 2 - Make it stand out
A magnificent kami-dana in a minka in the Noto region, where there are many such examples. The wall above the picture rail (nageshi 長押) is fully occupied by the seats of various deities. This room is divided from the zashiki and its Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間) beyond by austere obito (帯戸, timber panel and mid-rail sliding partitions), indicating that those of low status are not to enter the zashiki. Former Kuromaru (黒丸) family residence, Ishikawa Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXXI - INTERIORS 22: LIVING AREAS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior of the ‘living room’ (hiroma 広間, here called the omē おめえ), of a minka from Yamagata Prefecture. Below, the Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) is set back behind timber-panelled doors; above, the kami-dana sits on top of the picture rail (nageshi 長押), with one corner suspended from a beam. Former Shibutani family (Shibutani-ke 渋谷家) residence, now relocated to the Chidо̄ Museum (Chidо̄ Hakubutsukan 致道博物館) in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxx-living-areas-1
monthly
0.5
2025-05-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXX - INTERIORS 21: LIVING AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Kiyomiya family (Kiyomiya-ke 清宮家) residence, Kanagawa Prefecture, now relocated to the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture. An illustrative example of a regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori 整形四間取り), with earth-floored utility area (dē-doko でえどこ), ‘living room’ (hiroma ひろま), rear bedroom (ura-beya うらべや), ‘drawing room’ (dei でい, here dē でえ), and bedroom (heya へや) labelled.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXX - INTERIORS 21: LIVING AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
The dē of the Kiyomiya house, much emptier in its museum state than it would have been in use. This particular dē does not have an irori.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXX - INTERIORS 21: LIVING AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
The zashiki of a rustic minka in the Tо̄hoku region. The tokonoma (床の間, left) is bare; the toko-waki (床脇) space next to the tokonoma is occupied by the Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇); there is no ceiling, picture rail (nageshi 長押), or separate ‘attached door heads’ (tsuke-kamoi 付鴨居); instead, grooves to take the sliding partitions are cut directly into the lintel beams. Former residence of the Fujiwara family (Fujiwara-ke 藤原家), Iwate Prefecture, now relocated to the Open Air Museum of Old Japanese Farmhouses (Minka Shuuraku Hakubutsukan 民家集落博物館), О̄saka Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxix-interiors-20
monthly
0.5
2025-05-15
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXIX - INTERIORS 20: SLEEPING AREAS 7 - Make it stand out
This and the photograph below show the interior of a typical Shо̄wa period (in this case 1960s) apartment. Note the large built-in closets (oshi-ire 押入), tatami mat floors, and wide openings between rooms (here the sliding fusuma or shouji panels have been removed).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXIX - INTERIORS 20: SLEEPING AREAS 7 - Make it stand out
Photograph of the same apartment as above, looking in the other direction towards the tiny kitchen. Either or both of the six-mat rooms would be used as a sleeping place.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXIX - INTERIORS 20: SLEEPING AREAS 7 - Make it stand out
The cotton plant (wata 綿) with its balls of fibre (momen 木綿).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXIX - INTERIORS 20: SLEEPING AREAS 7 - Make it stand out
The ‘bedroom’ of the post-war Japanese vernacular dwelling is a world away from those found in the oldest minka.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxviii-interiors-19
monthly
0.5
2025-05-08
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Entry to this servants’ bedroom in the Oku (奥) family residence, an Important Cultural Property, is via a fixed three-rung ladder that leads up through a trapdoor. The rails of the ladder are formed by two of the wall posts. The semi-circles above each rung appear to be to prevent users’ feet from marking the white plaster wall, possibly by omitting the plaster from these areas, which would also give users’ feet greater depth of purchase on the rungs. With no corner post supporting it, this room is truly suspended. Osaka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Servants’ bedroom in the Yoshimura (吉村) family residence, an Important Cultural Property. Osaka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
View of the tsubo-ne of the Tsurutomi villa.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
The floor plan of the Tsurutomi villa with its tsubo-ne (つぼね) combining the functions of bedroom and childbirth room.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Exterior view looking down the facade of the Tsurutomi villa.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVIII - INTERIORS 19: SLEEPING AREAS 6 - Make it stand out
Shiiba village (Shiiba-son 椎葉村), Miyazaki Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxvii-interiors-18
monthly
0.5
2025-05-02
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
An illustration showing an aerial view of a shinden-zukuri (寝殿造り) residence. The main hall, the shinden (寝殿), is at the centre of the complex.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
A mi-chо̄dai (御帳台).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
An opulent chо̄dai (帳台) on the occasion of the enthronement of an Emperor.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The Tо̄gudо̄ (東求堂) of Jishо̄ Temple (Jishо̄-ji 慈照寺) in Kyо̄to, a surviving example of the shoin style (shoin-zukuri 書院造り).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
A jо̄dan no ma (上段の間), raised a step above the level of the main floor, the edge marked with a lacquered interior sill (kamachi 框).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The magnificent chо̄dai-gamae (帳台構え) in the Ninomaru Palace Great Hall (Ninomaru Goten О̄-Hiroma 二の丸御殿大広間) in Nijо̄ Castle (Nijо̄-jо̄ 二条城), Kyо̄to.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The construction of the partition wall of the nuri-gome is clearly visible in the lower left of this illustration.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The chо̄dai-gamae in the Yamada family residence, a minka in the Rakuhoku district of Kyо̄to. As in the nuri-gome, horizontal boarrds are slotted into closely spaced posts. The room is secured with a kururu lock; the keyhole and escutcheon for the kururu ‘key’ can be seen in the lower right part of the door. When the door is shut it automatically locks, and cannot be opened from the outside without the key. Kyо̄to City.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The exterior of the bedroom (nando 納戸) of the Imanishi (今西) family residence, an Important Cultural Property, with what is said to be the only remaining chо̄dai-gamae in a townhouse (machiya 町家) in the Kinki region. Above the left half of the high sill is a board-and-stud wall, into or behind which the board door on the right slides. As in the previous example, the kururu keyhole is visible in the lower right part of the door. Nara Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVII - INTERIORS 18: SLEEPING AREAS 5 - Make it stand out
The splendidly-constructed chо̄dai-gamae of the Murakami (村上) family residence, designated an Important Cultural Property, in Etchū Gokayama, Toyama Prefecture. The flanking wall next to the sliding door, behind the irori firepit, consists of a single large board called a biwa-ita (琵琶板, ‘lute board’); at left is a shallow decorative alcove, with shelves above, called an oshi-ita (押板).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxvi-interiors-17
monthly
0.5
2025-04-24
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVI - INTERIORS 17: SLEEPING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
An illustration showing a nurigome (at lower left) in a classical shinden-zukuri residence. The design of the partition wall of stout battens and boards, and the closed board door with its kururu-gi bolt and hole to receive the ‘key’, and keyhole, are clearly visible.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVI - INTERIORS 17: SLEEPING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A sliding door with three timber bolts: top, an age-zaru (上げ猿 or 揚げ猿, ‘raising monkey’) with yose-zaru (寄せ猿, ‘closing monkey’); middle, a yoko-zaru (横猿, ‘side monkey’); and bottom, an otoshi-zaru (落とし猿 ‘dropping monkey’) or sage-zaru (下げ猿, ‘lowering monkey), with yose-zaru.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVI - INTERIORS 17: SLEEPING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
An otoshi-zaru bolt in open position. The otoshi-zaru is raised, but the yose-zaru hasn’t been drawn across to hold it in the raised position, suggesting that this door is open and the bolt is being held up by the sill. If someone closed the door from the other side without remembering to draw the yose-zaru across, the otoshi-zaru would drop into its sill mortise, potentially locking the person out.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVI - INTERIORS 17: SLEEPING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
An old kururu-kagi (枢鉤) on the left, and on the right a diagram showing how it is used to lift a sill bolt (kururu-gi 枢木) from the other side of the door. Also labelled is the door rail (san 桟) which holds the upper part of the bolt.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXVI - INTERIORS 17: SLEEPING AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A scale model showing the inside face of a hinged door with an otoshi-zaru and ‘pivot lock’ (kururu-kagi 枢鉤) coming through the keyhole (kagi-ana 鍵穴), surrounded by an escutcheon (kagi-ana-tate 鍵穴盾). The end of the kururu-kagi has an elbow, and fits into a hole in the otoshi-zaru.
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The outside face of the door, showing the handle of the kururu-kagi inserted into the keyhole. When the bent tip of the kururu-kagi is inserted into the hole in the otoshi-zaru and the handle of the kururu-kagi is rotated clockwise, it lifts the bolt out of its sill mortise (visible in this photograph), allowing the door to be opened.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxv-interiors-16
monthly
0.5
2025-04-17
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXV - INTERIORS 16: SLEEPING AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Higashi (東) family house, Fukui Prefecture, is representative of bedroom arrangements in cold-climate minka. The small, windowless bedrooms are dispersed, and occupied according to the composition of the family.
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Another cold-climate minka, the Shibutani (渋谷) family house, Yamagata Prefecture.
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This magari-ya (曲り屋) minka in Iwate contains five bedrooms, each about two jо̄u (帖) in area. The portraits of the occupants are shown above each bedroom: in the first bedroom (A), the ‘head couple’ (kachо̄ fūfu 家長夫婦) — the master of the household (chichi 父, ‘father’) and his wife (haha 母, ‘mother’) — and their younger daughter (shо̄-ni 小２, ‘elementary school second year’); in the second bedroom (B), the master’s mother (obaa オバア, ‘grandma’); in the third bedroom (C), the young couple — the head couple’s oldest son (otto 夫, ‘husband’) and his wife (tsuma 妻, ‘wife’) — and their baby (mago マゴ, ‘grandchild’); in the fourth bedroom (D), the master’s unmarried sister (oba オバ, ‘auntie’) and the head couple’s older daughter (chū-ni 中２, ‘middle school second year’); and in the fifth bedroom (E), the head couple’s three sons: kо̄-ni (高２, ‘high school second year’), shо̄-roku (小ろ６, ‘elementary school sixth year’), and shо̄-ni (小２, ‘elementary school second year’). The family tree is shown to the right of the portraits, with the composition of each bedroom indicated by the five bubbles (A to E) drawn over their respective occupants.
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The head ‘straw stop’ (wara-dome 藁止め) set on the floor of a bedroom. It is about 15cm square in section, with its upper face planed into a rounded profile, indicating that it is used as a pillow. Another wara-dome stands upright against the entry door. Yamagata Prefecture.
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A ‘fish cake’ (kamaboko 蒲鉾).
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A bedroom (chouda ちょうだ) in the residence of a large family in Shо̄kawa village (Shо̄kawa-mura 荘川村), Gifu Prefecture. The room is spread with bullrush (gama 蒲, Typha latifolia) mats (mushiro 莚) called gama-mushiro (蒲莚), and contains a trunk (naga-mochi 長持), lantern (andon 行燈), sewing box (hari-bako 針箱), wooden pillow (ki-makura 木枕), and other items, lending it an antiquated atmosphere.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxiv-interiors-15
monthly
0.5
2025-04-10
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Exterior of the former Yamada (山田) family residence, built in 1776.
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Interior view of the Yamada family residence, taken from the niwa looking across the living room (naka-no-ma なかのま) towards the bedroom (heya へや) on the left, with hanging mat over the entrance and high sill, and the open formal room (dei でい) on the right.
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Plan of the former Yamada family residence. The bedroom (heya) へや) is at the top right.
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A negoza (寝茣蓙) sleeping mat.
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A boro ‘quilt’ from the 19th century.
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A winter yogi.
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Kamakura Period (鎌倉時代 1185 - 1333) nobility sleeping on tatami mats under kimono.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxiii-interiors-14
monthly
0.5
2025-04-03
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXIII - INTERIORS 14: SLEEPING AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
Two futon laid out in a Japanese-style room (wa-shitsu 和室) in a modern dwelling.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxii-interiors-13
monthly
0.5
2025-03-27
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXII - INTERIORS 13: WET AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A ‘sitting sink’ (suwari-nagashi 坐り流し) built in one corner of the doma of an ‘earth-sitting dwelling’ (土座住まい). Water is drawn into it via a pipe. Shiga Prefecture.
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An indoor well (uchi-ido 内井戸) and stone ‘standing sink’ (tachi-nagashi 立ち流し) built in the kitchen (daidoko(ro) 台所) of a townhouse (machiya 町家). Shiga Prefecture.
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An ‘on-floor standing sink’ (yuka-ue tachi-nagashi 床上立ち流し) built in the board-floored kitchen (katte かって); to its left is a stove (hettsui へっつい) with attached flue (entotsu 煙突), and above it shelving for pots, etc. Yamagata Prefecture.
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An ‘on-floor sitting sink’ (yuka-ue suwari-nagashi 床上坐り流し) and water jar in a projecting alcove in the south wall of a multi-purpose room called the idoko. Above them are cupboards for tableware. Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXII - INTERIORS 13: WET AREAS 4 - Make it stand out
A ‘water use place’ (mizu-tsukai-ba 水使い場) with sitting sink (suawari-nagashi 坐り流し). Piped water is received into a small joined-timber sink called here a masu (桝), which sits in a stepped-down slatted floor area where both cooking tasks and laundry are done. Yamagata Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxxi-interiors-12
monthly
0.5
2025-03-20
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXI - INTERIORS 12: WET AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
Long ago, ‘horizontal holes’ excavations made in banks until the mountain water emerged/seeped out. These old wells are of a type called yoko-ana-mizu (横穴水, ‘horizontal hole water’). Fukui Prefecture.
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A shallow well called a shaku-ido (杓井戸 ‘ladle well’). To prevent leaves and other debris from falling into it, it has been covered with a roof made of naturally curved timbers clad with Japanese cedar (sugi 杉) bark. Saitama Prefecture.
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Two communal wells in the village square. The wells are kuruma-ido (車井戸 ‘wheel well’) that utilise pulley wheels. That there are two wells is probably explained by a division of use: one well for drinking water, the other for general purposes. Kyо̄to Prefecture.
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A traditional balancing toy known as a yajiro-be-e (弥次郎兵衛).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXI - INTERIORS 12: WET AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
A hane-tsurube and well.
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A series of hane-tsurube used to flood rice fields from an irrigation canal (yо̄suirо 用水路, lit. ‘use water road’).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXI - INTERIORS 12: WET AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
The ‘villa well’ (yashiki-ido 屋敷井戸) at the house of a wealthy merchant, with a magnificent stone well enclosure and a shrine for the well deity (ido-kami-sama 井戸神様). Okayama Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXXI - INTERIORS 12: WET AREAS 3 - Make it stand out
An indoor well (uchi-ido 内井戸) built in the niwa (the earth-floored utility area, usually doma) of a townhouse (machiya 町家) near Kyо̄to; next to it is a ‘standing sink’ (tachi-nagashi, 立流し). Shiga Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxx-interiors-11
monthly
0.5
2025-03-13
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An indoor mizu tsukai-ba served by water that has been branched off from an outdoor source. Gifu Prefecture.
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A mizu-ya (水屋, ‘water roof’) erected at the mizo-gawa in front of a house. There are shelves for pots and tableware, and preparatory cooking tasks are undertaken here, outdoors. In the main house there is only a jar (kame 甕) for drinking water. Shiga Prefecture.
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The same mizu-tsukai-ba as shown above, in use. Shiga Prefecture.
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An example of water infrastructure planning: in the village of Gо̄barajuku (郷原宿), a roofed well providing water for drinking (inryо̄-yо̄ 飲料用) has been built, in accordance with the regulations, next to a yо̄suirо carrying general ‘use water’ (tsukai-mizu 使い水) for other purposes. Nagano Prefecture.
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Mizu-tsukai-ba established at a man-made ‘gutter’ (yо̄suirо 用水路) running in front of townhouses in a town in Mikata-chо̄ (三方町), Fukui Prefecture. A short flight of stone steps leading down to the water is visible in the lower right corner. This yо̄suirо also serves as a ‘snow disposal gutter’ (ryūsetsukо̄ 流雪溝) to carry away the snow that accumulates on roofs and in front of the houses.
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A yо̄suiro in Nishiwaki, Hyо̄go Prefecture.
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A ‘water scooping place’ (mizu-kumi-ba 水汲み場), where spring water seeping out from the belly of the mountain is collected for use. Nara Prefecture.
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This is not a normal mountain stream that has ‘picked up steam’ over a long distance from many small springs and streamlets feeding into it; it is groundwater that has emerged from a high-volume spring only a short distance upstream. Shizuoka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXX - INTERIORS 11: WET AREAS 2 - Make it stand out
A communal mizu-tsukai-ba built at a spring, enshrining the water deities; it is also indispensable as a social gathering place for the villagers. Nagano Prefecture.
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A glazed water jar (mizu-game 水甕), with wooden lid and ladle, stands next to the ‘sink board’ (nagashi-dai 流し台) in this diorama of the kitchen of a minka.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxix-interiors-10
monthly
0.5
2025-03-06
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
A ‘water use place’ (mizu-tsukai-ba 水使い場) at a stream, a common natural source of flowing surface water. Though it has been largely left in its natural state, there are still various rules that relate to its use.
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A modern tea ceremony mizu-ya (水屋), with reticulated water supply and shelves for the tea bowls, whisks, and other utensils.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
A yо̄suirо used for crop irrigation. Toyama Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
To convey water, a bamboo tube could be used, with the internal nodes (fushi or setsu 節) knocked out; or, as here, a hollowed-out log, in this case Japanese chestnut (kuri 栗, Castanea crenata). Gifu Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
Water troughs at the communal mizu-tsukai-ba established in the village ‘square’. When this photograph was taken, the village had been provided with a simple water supply system; previously, bamboo tubes had been used to carry water. Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
A water trough for an individual household, fed by a pipe. Over it is a rain cover (ame-о̄i 雨覆い) that makes skilful use of naturally curved timbers, supported by a single post. Gifu Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIX - INTERIORS 10: WET AREAS 1 - Make it stand out
In Shirakawa village and vicinity in the Hida district, there are expansive communal water-use places called minja (みんじゃ), where pristine spring water (kokusui 谷水, lit. ‘valley water) flows ceaselessly into large troughs made from hollowed-out logs. Gifu Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2025/1/5/japanese-minka-lxviii-interiors-9
monthly
0.5
2025-02-28
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXVIII - INTERIORS 9: KAMADO 3 - Make it stand out
The fudo in an earth-sitting dwelling (doza-sumai 土座住まい). The doma is kept impeccably clean, and shoes are not allowed to be worn in it. The stove is tended from the reed mat (goza 茣蓙) laid in front of it. Hirai family (Hirai-ke 平井家) residence, Shiga Prefecture.
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A kamado built into a corner of the irori, expressing a division of function: the kamado is used for ‘boiling’ (ni-taki 煮炊き) cooking. Akuzawa family (Akuzawa-ke 阿久沢家) house, Gunma Prefecture.
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A kamado built next to the wife’s seat (kaka-za 嚊座) at the irori, at the edge of the doma. The irori is used only for heating, and boiling water. Tottori Prefecture.
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A primitive kamado suggestive of the kamado’s origins, consisting of three stones plastered with clay. Kagoshima Prefecture.
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Here the kamado has drawn up to the edge of the multi-purpose room. The sink area behind it has already acquired a board floor (and modern kitchen unit); next in the modernisation of the doma, a timber slat floor panel (sunoko 簀の子) would be laid in front of the kamado, then this area too would eventually be floored. Kyо̄to City.
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Here the kudo has migrated to the centre of the gathering room for eating and family time (danran 団らん). The irori and the kamado are enclosed within the same frame. Kyо̄to.
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A seven-burner kudo in the Rakuhoku (洛北) district in north Kyо̄to City. The curved plan-form allows a single person to tend each fire and pot from a central position.
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A two-part, four-burner kamado for both formal and everyday uses. Miyazaki Prefecture.
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A kudo in the tо̄ri-niwa of a Kyо̄to townhouse (kyo-machiya 京町家). The о̄-kama-sama is decorated with a pine branch.
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An о̄-kama-sama adorned with pine and sakaki branches. Inoue family (Inoue-ke 井上家) residence, Kyо̄to.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxvii-interiors-8
monthly
0.5
2025-02-20
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXVII - INTERIORS 8: KAMADO 2 - Make it stand out
A collection of magatama (勾玉),the curved, comma or embryo-shaped stone beads produced from the late Jо̄mon period (from roughly the 6th century BC) into the Kofun period (300 AD - 586 AD).
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The older the style of kamado, the lower the ‘firebox opening’ is. When tending such a stove, one sits on the doma (on a stool or bench) with one’s feet in the shallow excavation; this style probably originated in the pit dwellings (tate-ana jūkyo 竪穴住居) of the Jо̄mon period. Former residence of the О̄ta family (О̄ta-ke太田家, originally in Ibaraki Prefecture, now in the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum (Nihon Minka-en 日本民家園) in Kanagawa Prefecture.
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In the houses of district administrators/authorities (о̄jо̄ya 大圧屋) and other officials, there were ‘parent stoves’ (oya-kamado 親かまど) for use by the villagers (burakumin 部落) for formal events. This large eleven-burner kudo, built in the form of arc, stands at the centre of an expansive kama-ya. Nara Prefecture.
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A seemingly standalone o-kama-san used for ceremonial and special occasions. The stove has grown over time as it accumulates new layers of plaster year after year. Kyо̄to Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2025/1/5/japanese-minka-lxvi-interiors-7
monthly
0.5
2025-02-14
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXVI - INTERIORS 7: KAMADO 1 - Make it stand out
A fine example of a comma-shaped Japanese stove (kamado 釜土, here kudo くど) built in the earth-floored utility area (doma 土間) of the Iguchi family (Iguchi-ke 井口家) residence, Kyо̄to City. This fine example is a ‘seven burner’ stove (nanatsu kudo 七つくど). Usually the large ceremonial pot (о̄-gama 大釜) is at the endmost position, but rarely, as here, it is located in an intermediate position.
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A Yayoi period (Yayoi jidai 弥生時代) earthenware kamado from the О̄saka area, excavated from the traces of a dwelling. Rice was cooked in the pot, made of the same earthenware, that fits neatly into the opening at the top.
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An old cast-iron tsuba-gama with prominent tsuba, ring handles, and a wooden lid.
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A modern aluminium tsuba-gama.
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The Tо̄shiba ER-4 automatic (jidо̄-shiki 自動式) rice cooker (denki-gama 電気釜, lit. ‘electric pot’)
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxv-interiors-6
monthly
0.5
2025-02-07
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A delicate semi-permeable tsuitate (衝立) is placed between the entrance and the irori to screen the ‘mess’ from casual visitors standing in the doma.
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An ita-shо̄ji (板障子) made with a thick board of Japanese cypress (hinoki 桧, Chamaecyparis obtusa) and a short length of cypress log (hinoki-maruta 桧丸太) split into two halves to form the legs.
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A ‘platform lamp’ (hide-bachi ひでばち) next to the irori in the former Shiiba family (Shiiba-ke 椎葉家) residence, originally in Miyazaki prefecture but now in the Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum in Toyonaka City, О̄aaka Prefecture.
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This image shows a ‘platform lamp’ (hide-bachi ひでばち) made of an inverted root bole.
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There is a small hi-dana over this irori in a minka in Shiga prefecture, but no jizai-kagi; in its place is an electric light, and the pot is held over the fire by a trivet (kanawa 鉄輪).
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This irori from a the former Wakayama family (Wakayama-ke 若山家) residence, originally in О̄no County (О̄no-gun 大野郡), Gifu Prefecture, but now in the Hida Folk Museum in Takayama City, combines a large hi-dana, what looks to be a simple jizai-kagi, and a trivet (kanawa 鉄輪). Hanging from the irori are tsuto (苞, tubes made of bound straw) filled with dried fish.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-lxiv-interiors-5
monthly
0.5
2025-01-30
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIV - INTERIORS 5: IRORI 5 - Make it stand out
A sturdy hi-dana in the former О̄ta family (О̄ta-ke 太田家) residence, originally built in Gifu Prefecture but now standing in the Nagoya City Higashiyama Botanical Gardens. Note the smoke-permeable lashed-bamboo floor above the hi-dana. The irori uses both a metal pipe type jizai-kagi and a trivet. Smoke and soot from the fire have made the thick ropes holding the hi-dana as hard as steel cables.
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A two-tier hi-dana over the irori in a minka in Kyо̄to City.
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A rustic sora-kagi fashioned from a naturally curled timber.
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A fine example of a sora-kagi from Toyama Prefecture, carved from keyaki (欅, Zelkova serrata). This style of kagi is sometimes called daikoku (大黒), for the resemblance of its upper part to the Daikoku-zukin, the cap (zukin 頭巾) worn by Daikoku-ten (大黒天), the Japanese god of fortune. The rope supporting the kagi has also been constructed with considerable skill and flair, which is characteristic of this region.
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Daikoku-ten (大黒天), the Japanese god of fortune, wearing his Daikoku-zukin (大黒頭巾) cap.
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In this example from Ishikawa Prefecture, instead of a sora-kagi there is a horizontal timber tied to the roof beam, with the jizai-kagi hung from this member, called the tanpa-gi たんぱ木. One end of the tanpa-gi projects out further than the other, and this long end is positioned over the wife’s seat (the kaka-za かか座), the idea being that the gods of fortune (fuku no kami 福の神) will reside over this seat. The other, short end is suspended over the guests’ seat (kyaku-za 客座), and on this end is said to sit the gods of poverty.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/12/17/japanese-minka-lxiii-interiors-4
monthly
0.5
2025-01-23
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIII - INTERIORS 4: IRORI 4 - Make it stand out
A matsu-kagi made out of a deer antler, hanging by a rope from a beam in the Tsubokawa family (Tsubokawa-ke 坪川家) residence in Fukui Prefecture.
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Top left, a matsu-kagi. Top right, a ganda-kagi of the simpler type, with teeth facing upwards. Bottom left and right, ganda-kagi of the more complex type, with teeth facing downwards.
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The Ainu ganda-kagi, known as the suwattsu (スワッツ).
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Interior of an Ainu chise showing a rustic suwattsu (スワッツ) with only four teeth, hung over a suspended pole.
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A guy rope tensioner.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIII - INTERIORS 4: IRORI 4 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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Section of a modern interpretation of a rod-and-tube type jizai-kagi, using a wire (waiyaa ワイヤー) and bolt (boruto ボルト) to attach the yoko-gi (横木) to the bamboo (take 竹) tube.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LXIII - INTERIORS 4: IRORI 4 - Make it stand out
Three types of kagi: on the left, a ganda-kagi; in the middle, a rope-and pulley type jizai-kagi; on the right, a more sophisticated rod-and-tube type jizai-kagi.
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Two simple jizai-kagi over a single irori. Each is hung from its own non-adjustable hook rather than directly from the rafters or from a suspended grille (hidana 火棚). The difference in thickness of the hooks and their ropes provides a striking and pleasing contrast. Fish are popular subjects for carved ko-zaru, perhaps because, in addition to being a common food, when suspended in space above the irori they convincingly appear to be swimming through the room.
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A jizai-kagi, here called a sora-kagi, consisting of a bamboo tube and simple board ko-bashiri, hung from a naturally-curved piece of timber at ceiling level. Despite the presence of a bamboo tube, this is not a ‘tube and rod’ type jizai-kagi; the tube appears to function only to hold the two runs of rope together, for the sake of neatness of appearance.
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A rod-and-tube type jizai-kagi with a kita-muki funa (北向き鮒, lit. ‘north-facing carp’) and an elaborate wrought-iron ‘chain’ connecting it to the tube. In this example, the head of the fish is the free end of the ko-zaru.
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A variant of the rod-and-tube type kagi called hako-kagi (箱鉤, lit. ‘box hook’) in which the bamboo tube is replaced by a square timber ‘box’. This type is common in the Tо̄hoku region where bamboo is not cultivated.
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A jizai-kagi consisting of a delicately-carved ko-zaru and metal pipes.
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A rope-and-bar jizai-kagi suspended from a large post-like ‘parent hook’ (oya-kagi 親鉤).
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A jizai-kagi consisting of a substantial ki-tai (木鯛) and rope, suspended from a thin timber peg attached to the underside of a large fire shelf (hi-dana 火棚).
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The rod-and-tube type jizai-kagi on the left features a fine ko-zaru in the form of the uchide no kozuchi (打ち出の小槌) of Japanese folklore, a magic mallet that has the ability to ‘tap out’ whatever is wished for.
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An iron kagi that incorporates the guard (tsuba 鍔) of a sword.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/12/13/japanese-minka-lxii-interiors-3
monthly
0.5
2025-01-18
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Seating positions around the irori (炉). Top (1), the ‘formal room side’ or ‘habitable room side’ (zashiki-gawa 座敷側), usually called the yoko-za (横座); at right (2), the rear/back side or ‘back door side’ (sedoguchi-gawa 背戸口側), usually called the kaka-za (嚊座); at left (3), the facade/front side or ‘door side’ (toguchi-gawa 戸口側), usually called the kyaku-za (客座); and bottom (4), the ‘doma side’ (doma-gawa 土間側), usually called the ki-jiri (木尻).
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Plan showing a common location for the irori (炉) within the minka, in the main habitable room or ‘living room’ (here the hiroma ひろま) in the house. Position 1 at the irori is to its left; position 2 is above it; position 3 is below it; and position 4 is to its right. The ‘kitchen’ of the dwelling is the area above the dot-dash line.
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View of the irori from the doma, with the four seating positions labelled: the yoko-za (横座), corresponding to (1) in the images; the kaka-za (嚊座), corresponding to (2); the kyaku-za (客座), corresponding to (3); and the ki-jiri (木尻), corresponding to (4).
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Example of an irori without a fixed ki-jiri seating position: the doma side of the irori is fully open to the doma. There is a low, gapped-board clad (sunoko-bari 簀の子貼り) ‘fire-side platform’ (hijiri-dai 火尻台) at the open ‘fire side’ (hijiri-gawa 火尻側) of the irori.
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A girl standing on the ki-jiri dai set in the doma up against the narrow ki-jiri side of the irori. Note also the kindling piled next to the ki-jiri, and the cat.
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Seating at the irori. 1) the yoko-za (横座, lit. ‘side seat’). 2) the kaka-za (嚊座; kaka 嚊 means ‘to breathe through the nose’, ‘snort’, and by extension ‘wife’, ‘one's old lady’). 3) kyaku-za (客座, lit. ‘guest seat’). 4) hijiri-za (火尻座, lit. ‘fire bottom/buttocks seat’), the side of the irori on which firewood and kindling is stored and from which the fire is fed. From the residence of the Takeda family (Takeda-ke 武田家), Tokyo Prefecture.
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A large irori 太炉 in the ‘living room’ (oe おえ) of a Gasshо̄-zukuri minka in Gokayama district (五箇山地方) of Toyama Prefecture, the residence of the Murakami family (Murakami-ke 村上家), an important cultural property. To the rear of the yoko-za (1) is a chо̄dai-gamai (帳台構え), a formal entrance to a bedroom.
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Seating at the hearth in the ‘formal room’ (dei でい) is not strictly determined/absolutely fixed; here the positions of the kaka-za (2) and kyaku-za (3) are reversed in relation to the layout of the room. The former residence of the О̄i family (О̄i-ke大井家), originally Gifu Prefecture, now relocated to the Open Air Museum of Old Japanese Farmhouses (Minka Shūraku Hakubutsukan 民家集落博物館) in Toyonaka City, О̄saka Prefecture (豊中市大阪府).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/12/13/japanese-minka-lxi-interiors-2-irori-2
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A family sitting around the irori engaged in danran (団らん), ‘family togetherness’.
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Image of an irori showing the perimeter area of the pit, the roen ろえん), always kept clean with a straw broom (wara-bо̄ki 藁箒), and the central ‘pit within pit’ part, the hodo (ほど), which contains the fire.
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Patterns raked into the ash of an irori.
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A metal comb (hai-narashi 灰ならし) used to make patterns in the ash (hai 灰) of the irori.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/27/a
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An Ainu irori, called the apeoi (アぺオイ).
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A large jiro (地炉) installed in the floor of the niwa of the Nara family (Nara-ke 奈良家) residence in Akita Prefecture (Akita-ken 秋田県), an important cultural property. Inhabitants and visitors sit on the thick cushion-like woven mats (nekoda ねこだ) laid around it, in a scene reminiscent of the age of ‘earth sitting dwellings’ (doza-sumai 土座住まい).
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A more modern photograph of the jiro dug into the floor of the doma of the now-former Nara family residence, Akita Prefecture. Another irori is just visible in the background, in the raised-floor part of the interior. The house dates to the mid-18th century.
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An irori in the floor of the ‘kitchen’ (daidoko だいどこ) of an ‘earth-sitting dwelling’ (doza sumai 土座住まい), with a surround (robuchi 炉縁) of large rounded river stones (tama-ishi 玉石). The former residence of the Nokubi family (Nokubi-ke 野首家), Gifu Prefecture, now relocated to the Hida Folk Village (Hida Minzoku-mura 飛騨民俗村) in Takayama City, also in Gifu Prefecture.
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Today irori built into a raised timber floor, such as the example shown here, are far more common and familiar than the in-ground jiro.
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Edge section of a typical irori construction (though by no means the only method). Labelled are the stone base (ishi-gumi 石組), clay (nendo 粘土) and ash (hai 灰) layers, bearer (oobiki 大引) and joist (neda 根太), floorboards (yuka-ita 床板), and the irori’s perimeter frame (robuchi 炉縁).
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Example of an irori whose doma-side is partly open to the doma, with the lower seat (shimo-za 下座) omitted; one can ‘step into’ the irori from the doma without taking one’s shoes off. In this district, the entire room seen in the picture beyond the irori is referred to metonymically as the yoko-za (横座). The Iwakami family (Iwakami-ke 岩上家) residence, Tochigi Prefecture (Tochigi-ken 栃木県).
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In this irori, the doma side is fully open to the doma. There is a gapped-board clad (sunoko-bari 簀の子貼り) ‘fire-side platform’ (hijiri-dai 火尻台) at the open ‘fire side’ (hijiri-gawa 火尻側) of the irori.
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Many minka contain two or more irori. In this example, the one in the foreground is in the ‘living room’ (dei でい), the one in the background is in the ‘kitchen’ (daidoko だいどこ).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-lix
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Plan diagrams of the various minka layout types. To the right of each plan diagram is a ‘quadrant’ of four ways of describing the layout, in either words or symbolically. The quadrant contains the following: top left, the layout description in words; bottom left, a symbolic representation consisting of the layout type followed by the number of rooms, and that followed optionally by the stagger type, e.g. ‘K - 4T’; top right, a symbolic representation of the function and position of each room in the layout, with the arrangement of letters conveying the location of each room and spatial relationships between them; bottom right, in parentheses, Ishihara Kenji’s system of notation, using numbers, the arithmetical symbols ‘+’ and ‘x’, and occasionally a character suffix such as ‘併’ (hei) to indicate what I call the ‘perpendicular’ lineup’ layout, or ‘全’ (zen) to indicate that a room is ‘full (width)’.
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Plan diagram of a one-room layout (ichi-madori １間取り) and its various descriptions.
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Plan diagram of a a perpendicular stagger four-room layout (tate kui-chigai yon-madori 縦食違い４間取り) and its various descriptions.
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Plan of the former Sakuta/Sakuda/Tsukuda (作田) family house, a wrapped-hiroma type (tori-maki hiroma-gata 取巻き広間型) ‘separate ridge style’ (buntо̄-shiki 分棟式) minka. Labelled are the earth-floored utility area (doma どま), which occupies its own separate building; the large, board (ita 板)-floored hiroma or omote (here the kami かみ) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍) and shallow decorative alcove (oshi-ita 押板); the ‘dining room’ (daidoko, here cha-no-ma ちゃのま) with firepit; the bedroom (nando なんど); the rear formal room (zashiki, here oku おく) with decorative alcove (toko とこ); the ‘middle room’, also formal (naka-no-ma なかのま); and the formal entry ‘anteroom’ or ‘vestibule’, the liminal (en 縁) genkan げんかん). Part of the doma is taken up with the stalls of a stable (maya まや, unlabelled).
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Two complementary symbolic descriptions of the Sakuta house. On the left, the ‘layout type + building dimensions’ description. On the right, the ‘room names + room areas + spatial arrangement’ description.
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A preliminary reconstruction of the external walls and overall length (maguchi 間口) and width (okuyuki 奥行) dimensions (measured in ken 間) of the two buildings of the Sakuta house, obtained from the description ‘TH 8 × 5.5 = W 3 × 6’. Note that the half-ken difference in depth between the doma building and the main building’ is resolved here by showing the doma building extending out at the rear, with the two buildings drawn flush on the facade side, but this is an assumption that cannot be derived from the symbolic description alone. Likewise, without knowing the customary style of minka in the area, one cannot know from the symbolic description alone that the two buildings are internally continuous and not fully separate.
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The layout of the Sakuta house, as reconstructed from the formulas given.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-lviii
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2025-01-18
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVIII - PLANNING 36: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 10 - Make it stand out
Plan of the residence of the Sakurai family (Sakurai-ke 桜井家), Ishikawa Prefecture. The many rooms are arranged in a regular (seikei 整形) layout, but as with the hon-mune zukuri minka discussed in last week’s post, the layout can be seen as a wrapped-hiroma type core with the daidoko as its nucleus, to which a row/column of rooms have been added to each of the ‘upper’ and facade sides of this core. Labelled are the passage (doma どま) with ‘big door’ (о̄do 大戸) and step platform (shikidai 式台); the niwa (にわ); the partly board (ita 板) floored kitchen (naka-shimoto なかしもと) with stove, sink, and well; another board-floored room (unlabelled) off the kitchen that is likely a pantry; the expansive (22.5 tatami mats) main living area (daidoko だいどこ) with two firepits (irori, marked ro 炉); the ‘shikidai room’ (shikidai-no-ma しきだいのま) with firepit; the ‘guest room’ (kyaku-no-ma きゃくのま) with its own shikidai; the ‘second room’ (tsugi-no-ma つぎのま) and ‘upper zashiki’ (kami-zashiki かみざしき) with shelves (tana たな), both served by a semi-internal ‘verandah’ (en えん) that leads to the bath (yoku 浴) and ‘upper toilet (kami-benjo 上便所); the Buddhist room (butsuma ぶつま) with Buddhist alcove (marked 卍); the ‘lower zashiki’ (shimo-zashiki しもざしき); the ‘anteroom’ (hikae-no-ma ひかえのま); the bedroom (nando なんど); the ‘small room’ (ko-beya こべや), likely also a bedroom, the wife’s room (shufū-shitsu 主婦室); and the husband’s room (shujin-shitsu 主人室). To the rear of the building is a separate storehouse (kura くら). A long wraparound verandah (mawari-en 回り縁) runs from the shimo-zashiki to the daidoko. The interior floor area, including the doma and niwa, is roughly 270 square metres.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVIII - PLANNING 36: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 10 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Sakurai house, looking across the daidoko into the shikidai-no-ma, with part of the niwa visible on the right. The fine finish on the timber elements, white-plastered infill panels, delicate latticework on the sliding partitions (tategu), expansive use of tatami (both with and without fabric edging heri 縁) and the presence of glass all make it evident that this is a later-period minka of an affluent family.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-lvii
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2024-12-12
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Exterior view of the Baba family residence (Baba-ke juutaku (馬場家住宅), a hon-mune zukuri (本棟造り) minka in Matsumoto City (Matsumoto-shi 松本市), Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVII - PLANNING 35: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 9 - Make it stand out
The Yamashita family (Yamashita-ke 山下家) residence, Nagano Prefecture. There is a long, passage-like, front-to-back earth-floored utility area (doma どま) reminiscent of the tо̄ri-niwa (通り庭) of Japanese townhouses (machiya 町家). The front section is the entry, the middle section contains the stove, and at the rear is a ‘picklery’ (tsukemono-beya つけものべや) and sink (nagashi ナガシ). The rooms named are the formal entry (genkan げんかん), the large, partly board-floored living room (oe おえ) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and cupboard (todana 戸棚), the naka-shimoto (なかしもと), likely a kitchen-dining room; the ‘flour room’ (kona-beya 粉へや); the bedroom (nema ねま); the ‘Buddha room’ (butsu-ma ぶつま) with Buddhist alcove (卍); the ‘middle room’ (naka-no-ma なかのま); the ‘inner room’ (oku-no-ma おくのま); the ‘lower zashiki’ (shimo-zashiki しもざしき); and the ‘upper zashiki’ kami-zashiki (かみざしき) with shelves (tana タナ) and decorative alcove (toko とこ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVII - PLANNING 35: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 9 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Yamashita house. Looking from the oe (おえ), the nucleus of the hon-mune zukuri layout, across the firepit (irori) towards the doma (どま).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-lvi
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2024-12-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVI - PLANNING 34: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 8 - Make it stand out
Plan of the the Herimushiro family (Herimushiro-ke 縁莚家) house, from the Noto region (Noto chihо̄ 能登地方) of Ishikawa Prefecture, a wrapped-hiroma type (取巻き広間型) layout minka with an о̄ma-zukuri (大間造り) structure, though rather than six stout posts around the cha-no-ma there are ten posts of more regular size. Labelled are the earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ), kitchen (naka-shimoto なかしもと), living-dining room (daidoko だいどこ) with firepit (ro ろ), step platform (inba いんば), main formal room (cha-no-ma ちゃのま) with firepit, servery (ryо̄-no-ma りょうのま), ‘lower room’ (shimo-no-ma しものま), ‘middle room’ (naka-no-ma なかのま), formal room (zashikiざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ), Buddhist room and alcove (both butsuma ぶつま, alcove marked 卍), ‘small zashiki’ (ko-zashiki こざしき), and bedroom (nando なんど).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVI - PLANNING 34: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 8 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the cha-no-ma of the Herimushiro house. There is no ceiling, making visible the beam assembly of the о̄ma-zukuri (大間造り) structural system. A large hi-dana (火棚, lit. ‘fire shelf’), suspended by ropes from the roof beams, hangs over the central firepit (irori 囲炉裏) cut into the board floor.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVI - PLANNING 34: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 8 - Make it stand out
This minka, like the Herimushiro house, is from the Noto region (能登地方), and is also a wrapped-hiroma type (取巻き広間型) layout, but with its single ken (1.81m) width ryо̄ri-no-ma (りょうりのま) and dei (でい) rooms, its layout is closer than the Herimushiro house to a middle-zashiki type (naka-zashiki-gata 中座敷型) layout. The house is centred on and dominated by the formal cha-no-ma (ちゃのま), with the other rooms arranged such that they wrap around it. The six stout posts around the perimeter of the cha-no-ma, together with the unseen beam assembly they support, indicate that this minka is built in the structural style known in the Hokuriku region (Hokurikuchihо̄ 北陸) as О̄ma-zukuri (大間造り). Labelled are the earth-floored utility area consisting of the niwa (にわ) with storage (shūnо̄ 収納) closet, bath (nyūyoku 入浴), and urinal (shо̄ben 小便), for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業) and food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整); and the kitchen (nagashimoto ながしもと) with stoves, sink, and water (mizu 水), for cooking (chо̄ri 調理); the living-dining room (daidoko だいどこ), with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); a kind of ‘servery’ (ryо̄ri-no-ma りょうりのま) for tableware storage (shokki no kakunou 食器の格納), and food service (haizen 配膳) and preparation (junbi 準備) activities accompanying ceremonies (gyо̄ji ni tomonau 行事に伴う); the cha-no-ma (ちゃのま) for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事) and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客); the front dei (でい) for handwork and entertaining (о̄tai 応対); the zashiki (ざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍), for sleeping (shūshin 就寝), receiving guests, and religious activities (shinkо̄ 信仰); the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping and storage of family possessions (kazaishūnо̄ 家財収納); and the rear bedroom (oku-no-ma おくのま), the sleeping place of the husband and wife (fūfushūshin夫婦就寝). The ‘verandah’ (engawa) has light-admitting (saikо̄ 採光) rain shutters (amado 雨戸).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVI - PLANNING 34: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 8 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Kawabe house in Toyama Prefecture. Labelled are the formal entry (genkan げんかん and niwa にわ) leading to a ‘hall’ (hashi はし); an earth-floored storage area (mono-oki ものおき), the ‘lower cha-no-ma’ (しもちゃのま), likely the everyday living-dining room, with firepit (ro 炉) and storage for (fire)wood (ki木); the kitchen-dining room (daidoko だいどこ); the ‘upper cha-no-ma’ (kami-chanoma かみちゃのま); the ‘middle room’ (naka-no-ma なかのま), perhaps a bedroom; a bedroom (heya へや) with decorative alcove (toko とこ); an ‘anteroom’ (hikae-no-ma ひかえのま) with toko; the ‘upper zashiki’ (kami-zashiki かみざしき) with toko and Buddhist alcove (卍); the ‘mouth zashiki’ (kuchi-zashiki くちざしき); the saya-no-ma (さやのま, perhaps lit. ‘scabbard room’); and the central hiroma (ひろま).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LVI - PLANNING 34: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 8 - Make it stand out
Exterior facade view of the Kawabe house in Toyama Prefecture. The white-plastered corner walls are the external walls of the urinal and toilet, seen in the bottom right of the plan above; the dark area to the left of this is the exterior genkan, the formal entry to the dwelling. The steeply pitched, thatched roof covers only the hiroma (ひろま), the hashi (はし), the niwa (にわ) and mono-oki (ものおき), the front corner of the shimo-chanoma (しもちゃのま), the rear half of the kuchi-zashiki (くちざしき), and the front half of the kami-zashiki (かみざしき); all the other parts of the interior are covered by shallower, tiled awning/lean-to roofs coming off the main roof. This style is unique to the region and is called fuki-kawaze (葺き交ぜ, lit. ‘cladding exchange’).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-lv
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2024-11-29
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LV - PLANNING 33: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 7 - Make it stand out
The Kitamura house, originally Kanagawa Prefecture, a hiroma-type three-room layout (hiroma-gata san-madori 広間型三間取り) and considered to be the second-oldest surviving minka in eastern Japan (1687).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LV - PLANNING 33: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 7 - Make it stand out
An example of a perpendicular lineup (heiretsu-gata 併列型) layout.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LV - PLANNING 33: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 7 - Make it stand out
The Nakatani house, an example of a layout in which the front and rear under-eave spaces of a parallel line-up (heiretsu-gata 併列型) three room layout (san-madori ３間取り) have been extended and developed into rooms, transforming it into a layout that has characteristics of both the middle-zashiki type (naka-zashiki-gata 中座敷型) and the wrapped-hiroma type (tori-maki hiroma-gata 取巻き広間型) layouts. Labelled are the kitchen-dining-family room (daidoko だいどこ) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), cupboard (todana 戸棚), and separate room with stove for cooking (chо̄ri 調理), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), courting (kousai 交際), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); small earth-floored entrance areas; the usuya (うすや) for food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整); the bedroom (nema ねま) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 収納); the ‘front zashiki’ (omote-zashiki おもてざしき), with firepit, for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事) and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客); the enclosed verandah/formal entry en-no (えんの) for entertaining (о̄tai 応対) and handwork; the ‘inner zashiki’ (oku-zashiki おくざしき), with low heated table (kotatsu コタツ) and decorative alcove (toko とこ), for ceremonies, receiving guests, and sleeping; the ‘small zashiki’ (ko-zashiki こざしき), with Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍) and Shintо̄ alcove (marked torii ⛩), for storage, sleeping, and religious activities (shinkо̄ 信仰); and a ‘study/bedroom’ (en-no-kami えんのかみ, lit. ‘verandah’s upper’), for sleeping and study (benkyо̄ 勉強).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-liv
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2024-11-21
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIV - PLANNING 32: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 6 - Make it stand out
The Shiina house in its present state as a wrapped-hiroma layout. Labelled are the earth-floored utility area (daidoko だいどこ), with ‘big door’ (о̄do 大戸) and stoves, for cooking (chо̄ri 調理), food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整), farm work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and storage (shūnо̄ 収納), processing (shori 処理), and drying (kansо̄ 乾燥) of tobacco leaves (tabako-ha 煙草葉); the ‘dining room’ (katte かって), with cupboard (todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事); the walk-in storage (shūnо̄ 収納) closet (mae-no-heya まえのへや); the hiroma, here cha-no-ma (ちゃのま), with Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked 卍), shelves (tana たな), and firepit (the crossed square), for family time (danran 団らん), courting (kо̄sai 交際), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事) and religious activities (shinkо̄ 信仰); the koma (こま, lit. ‘small room’) for entertaining (о̄tai 応対) and weaving on a loom (shokki or oriki 機織); the formal vestibule or ante-room (typically genkan 玄関, here genka げんか) with a broad, formal ‘step platform’ (shikidai 式台), for receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), entertaining, and entry of important guests (shо̄kyaku 正客); the zashiki (ざしき), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests, and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); and the bedroom (heya へや), for sleeping and storage.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIV - PLANNING 32: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 6 - Make it stand out
A reconstruced plan of the Shiina house in its earlier state as a ‘middle-zashiki lineage’ hiroma-type layout. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (daidoko だいどこ) with ‘big door’ (о̄do 大戸) and stove, the board-floored (ita-yuka 板床) hiroma (ひろま) or chanoma (ちゃのま), with Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked 卍); the yogoza (よござ), presumably the ‘dining-kitchen area’, with firepit, jutting out into the daidokoro; the large bedroom (nema ねま); the zashiki (ざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ), and the vestibule (genkan げんかん) or ‘small room’ (koma こま).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIV - PLANNING 32: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 6 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the Shiina house. The four papered lattice panels (shо̄ji 障子) visible in the middle and middle-right of the facade, in front of the narrow ‘verandah’ (engawa 縁側) to the koma (こま), have replaced what were once papered lattice windows in a solid wall; the large shо̄ji, running the full length of the koma, allow the use of the engawa as an extension of the interior space in fine weather, and greatly increase natural light to the koma, necessary for the weaving for which this room is used. To the right of the shо̄ji can be seen the tiled roof over the formal entrance to the genka with its broad step platform (shikidai 式台), obscured by trees.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/10/18/japanese-minka-liii
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2024-11-14
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
Diagrammatic section and plan of a shinden-zukuri (寝殿造り) dwelling, showing the core moya (身舎) and perimeter hisashi 庇) spaces.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
The Takei family (Takei-ke 武井家) residence, Nagano Prefecture. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (tо̄ri とおり) with stable (maya まや), the earth-sitting (doza 土座) hiroma, here daidoko (だいどこ), the rear one ken wide bedroom (heya へや), the middle zashiki (ざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ). The front one ken wide room is unlabelled, but the fact that it contains an entry suggests that it may at least partly serve as a formal vestibule (genkan 玄関) of some kind.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
The former Hirose family (Hirose-ke 広瀬家) residence, originally Yamanashi Prefecture. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (doji どじ) with stable (uchi-maya うちまや), the hiroma, here idoko (いどこ) with two firepits (irori, marked ro ろ), the board (ita 板) floored bedrooms (nando なんど and nema ねま), and the zashiki (ざしき).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
The Gotо̄ family (Gotо̄-ke 後藤家) residence, Iwate Prefecture. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (doma どま), the rear living room or hiroma (here okami おかみ, lit. ‘honorable upper’) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), the front room (nakama なかま, lit. ‘middle room’), the bedroom (nando なんど), the middle zashiki (о̄dei おおでい, lit. ‘big dei’) and a front zashiki (kodei こでい, lit. ‘small dei). All rooms are indicated as board (ita 板) floored except the о̄dei, which, given its formal status, may be tatami-floored.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the Hirose house.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the hiroma-type layout of the Hirose house, looking from the doji (どじ) towards the mat-spread, earth-living (doza-sumai 土座住まい) main habitable room (hiroma, here idoko (いどこ) with its two firepits (irori いろり). , The open zashiki (ざしき) can be seen on the left beyond the idoko.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LIII - PLANNING 31: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 5 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the half-timbered gable wall of the Hirose house, with three small shitaji-mado (下地窓) windows in the lath-and-plaster (or ‘wattle-and-daub’) infill panels between the timber structural members; these windows are created by simply leaving sections of the lath lattice unplastered.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/8/21/japanese-minka-lii-planning-30-hiroma-type-layouts-4
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2024-11-07
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LII - PLANNING 30: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 4 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Nokubi residence, Gifu Prefecture. A wrapped-hiroma type layout (tori-maki hiroma gata 取巻き広間型) similar to the Noguchi house (Noguchi-ke 野口家) presented last week, but this ita-ya (板屋, lit. ‘board (clad) house’) is somewhat larger, and the greater portion of the interior is doza-sumai (土座住まい). The earth-floored utility area consists of: the niwa (にわ) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), lever thresher (kara-usu からうす) and storage area for unhulled rice (momi-iri 籾入), for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整), farm work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成); the komabeya (こまべや, possibly lit. ‘foal room’), for animal birth/husbandry (chikusan 畜産); the mayadoshi (まやどし) with hanging mats (tsuri-mushiro 吊り莚) and a , for feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整) and storage of farm tools (nо̄gu okiba 農具置場). The habitable part of the dwelling consists of: the earth-sitting (doza 土座) hiroma-equivalent oei (おえい) with Shintо̄ shrine (marked torii ⛩) for religious activities (shinkо̄ 信仰), ‘cupboard’ (todana とだな), partitions (majikiri 間仕切り) whose upper part (jо̄bu 上部) is of woven reed (ami-komo or henko 編菰), and separate utility area for ‘straw work’ (wara-shigoto 藁仕事, presumably making straw ropes, sandals, coats and the like), for family time (danran 団らん), courting (kо̄sai 交際), and handwork (teshigoto 手仕事); the board-floored, (ita-yuka 板床) bulrush-mat (gama-mushiro 蒲莚) spread, formal dei (でい) with Buddhist alcove (butsuma ぶつま) and Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇, marked 卍), for religious activities and ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事) and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客); the rear bedrooms (oku おく) with ‘cutout windows’ (kiri-mado 切窓), for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 収納); and the tatami (たたみ) floored ‘dining room’ (daidoko だいどこ) for dining (shokuji 食事). Also labelled are the interior/exterior urinal (shouben-jou 小便場)and ‘water house’ (mizu-ya みずや), with pipe-fed sink, for cooking (suiji 炊事).
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Exterior view of the Nokubi house, with storm shutters closed.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LII - PLANNING 30: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 4 - Make it stand out
View of the Nokubi house from the rear, showing shallow-pitched, bark-thatched or shingled roofs, secured against strong winds by ‘overbattens’ and large stones.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LII - PLANNING 30: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 4 - Make it stand out
View of the rear of the Nokubi house, showing the cut-out windows.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LII - PLANNING 30: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 4 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Nokubi house looking from the ‘living room (oei) towards the ‘cupboard’ (todana) and the bedrooms (oku) beyond. The entrance to the formal room (dei) and its Buddhist alcove (butsuma) are visible to the far right. The oei is seen here with an earth floor, but apparently once had a compacted-straw and mat floor that brought the floor level up to the level of the sill at the front of the oei (‘behind’ the camera in this image).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/8/16/japanese-minka-li-planning-29-hiroma-type-layouts-3
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2024-10-31
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LI - PLANNING 29: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 3 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Kurishita house in Shizuoka Prefecture. An example of a wrapped-hiroma type (tori-maki hiroma gata 取巻き広間型) layout, where a formal kagi-zashiki (here kami-zashiki かみざしき, lit ‘upper zashiki’) and zashiki (ざしき) have been added to the front-zashiki type (mae-zashiki kata 前座敷型) three-room layout (san-madori 三間取り) core, consisting of the main habitable room (the ima いま), bedroom (nando なんど), and storeroom (kura くら). Notable is the unusual ‘wraparound’ or ‘returning’ earth-floored utility area (doma) with storage room (miso みそ). The doma contains the bath (nyūyoku 入浴) and is for cooking (suiji 炊事) and farm work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the ima contains a cupboard (todana 戸棚) and a firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), and is for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), cooking (chо̄ri 調理), entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the zashiki also contains a firepit and is for (religious) ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); the kami-zashiki is for religious activities (shinkо̄ 信仰), ceremonies, receiving guests, and sleeping; the nando is for sleeping and storage (shūnо̄ 収納); the kura is for grain storage (kokurui 穀類); and the miso is for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LI - PLANNING 29: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 3 - Make it stand out
Exterior (rear) view of the Kurishita house in Shizuoka Prefecture, in the mountains of the Southern Alps (Minami Arupusu 南アルプス). The kitchen/bath lean-to is on the right, against the gable wall. The low, shallow-pitched and seemingly bark-thatched roof gives the dwelling an ancient appearance.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LI - PLANNING 29: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 3 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Noguchi house in Gifu Prefecture. A wrapped-hiroma type (tori-maki hiroma gata 取巻き広間型) layout, with a central gathering room (hiroma, here called orima おりま) around which each of the other rooms are wrapped. The earth-floored utility area consists of the shita-en (したえん) with entry (iri-guchi 入口) and area for snow removal (yuki-harai 雪払い), the stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成), and the ‘small stable’ (ko-maya こまや) for feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整). The rooms are the orima (おりま) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and cupboard (todana とだな), for family time (danran 団らん), courting (kо̄sai 交際), ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the kitchen-dining room (daidoko だいどこ) with firepit and cupboard (todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time, and meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整); the bedrooms (chо̄da ちょうだ) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 収納); the rear zashiki or formal room (okunode おくので) with very large Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked manji 卍), for ceremonies and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客); the front zashiki (de で) with low heated table (kotatsu コタツ), for ceremonies, receiving guests, and sleeping; and another bedroom (heya へや), seemingly a later addition. There is also a board-floored lean-to area for cooking (suiji 炊事) with bath (nyūyoku 入浴), sink (nagashi ながし), and pantry for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵). The verandah (en 縁) is used to receive visitors.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA LI - PLANNING 29: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 3 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the in Noguchi house in Gifu Prefecture. The ‘cookhouse’ and surrounds (suiji-ba mawari 炊事場回り) with its lean-to roof (sa-kake yane 差掛け屋根) is a later addition.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/8/14/japanese-minka-l-planning-28-hiroma-type-layouts-2
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2024-10-24
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
The Kobayakawa family (Kobayakawa-ke 小早川家) house in Kishū (紀州), Wakayama Prefecture. A one-room dwelling (hito-ma sumai ひと間住まい) with a bedroom (nando なんど) eked out from one corner of the single room. Labelled are the utility area (niwa にわ) for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業) and cooking (tabemono chо̄ri 食物調理); the board-floored (ita-yuka 板床) omote (おもて), whose front section fulfills the formal functions of the zashiki, for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and whose rear section corresponds to a daidoko or katte ‘dining room', for dining (shokuji 食事), with firepit (irori, here ro 炉) and low bench (dai 台); and the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping and storage (shūnо̄ 収納). The ‘verandah' (en) is used for entertaining guests (о̄tai 応対) and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
Plan diagram of Izumo Grand Shrine (出雲大社)
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Kobayakawa house, looking from the omote towards the dining area with firepit (irori), and the storage area (shūnо̄) and bedroom (nando) beyond. The only interior partition is the single board-clad (hame-ita 羽目板) partition between the omote and the nando, seen here on the left; to its left is the small closet/shelves alcove.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
The Okabe house in Tokyo Prefecture. Even in such a large dwelling, if the kagi-zashiki (here the oku おく) and tobanoma とばのま) part is regarded as a later addition and the layout is considered without them, a form corresponding to (1) in the plan diagrams below is revealed, with only the bedroom (heya へや) separated off from a multi-purpose room comprised of the uchiza (うちざ) and zashiki (ざしき). Note also the massive central post. The partitions dividing off the other rooms are of various types, and still not clearly established. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (daidokoro だいどころ) with utility entrance (katte-guchi かって口), for farm work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the ito-hikiba (糸ひきば, lit. ‘thread pulling place') for secondary work (fukugyо̄ 副業), presumably including spinning; the board-floored kitchen area for cooking (suiji 炊事) with food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), sink (nagashi ナガシ) and water (mizu 水); the dining-family room (katte かって) with fire pit (irori, marked ro 炉), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), entertaining guests (о̄tai 応対), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the zashiki (ざしき) for courting (kousai 交際)
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the О̄kubo family (О̄kubo-ke 大久保家) house in the Tama region (Tama chihо̄ 多摩地方) of Tokyo Prefecture. In everyday life the partitions are not used, and all the boundaries between rooms are left open; only the bedroom is enclosed. The layout of this house is very similar to that of the Okabe house, and the view here corresponds to that looking from the katte towards the zashiki in the Okabe house. Note again the massive central post.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA L - PLANNING 28: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
The two layouts shown above correspond to the plan diagram (1) here, a transitional stage on the path to developing into full wrapped-hiroma layouts.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/8/6/japanese-minka-xlix-planning-27-hiroma-type-layouts-1
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0.5
2024-10-17
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIX - PLANNING 27: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 1 - Make it stand out
A typical three-room hiroma-type layout, with full-width multi-purpose habitable room (hiroma ひろま) in the ‘lower' position, and fully bounding the earth-floored utility area (here daidokoro だいどころ), ‘upper' front formal room (here oku おく), and upper rear bedroom (heya へや). The dot-dash line indicates the likely location of the partition line should the dwelling be converted into a four-room layout.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIX - PLANNING 27: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 1 - Make it stand out
Plan diagrams illustrating the development of the one-room layout (1) into either a three-room hiroma-type layout (2, lower plan) or a three-room front-zashiki type layout (2, upper plan), and from there into a four or five-room wrapped hiroma type layout (3). Labelled are the earth-floored utility area (doma どま), the ‘living room' (hiroma ひろま), bedroom (nema, here ne 寝), formal room (zashiki, here za 座), and kagi-zashiki (鍵座敷).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIX - PLANNING 27: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 1 - Make it stand out
Real-world examples of the plan diagrams 1 and 2. On the left (1), a reconstruction of the original plan of a very old minka in Sakata (阪田), Hyо̄go Prefecture (Hyо̄go-ken 兵庫県), showing earth-floored utility area (doma どま), board-floored (ita-yuka 板床) general habitable room (hiroma, here called hiroshiki ひろしき), and bedroom (nando なんど). On the right (2), a farmhouse (nо̄ka 農家) in Arasawa village (Arasawa-mura 荒沢村), Iwate Prefecture (Iwate-ken 岩手県), showing earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ), large stable (maya まや), board-floored general habitable room (jо̄i じょうい) which also functions as the formal room (zashiki) and contains a firepit (hibito ひびと), Buddhist altar (butsudan, marked manji 卍) and shrine (kami-dana 神棚), walk-in closet (mono-oki ものおき), and bedroom (nebiya ねびや).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIX - PLANNING 27: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 1 - Make it stand out
A real-world example of plan diagram 3, a wrapped hiroma L-plan (magari-ya 曲り屋) minka in Iwate Prefecture. Labelled are the central hiroma, here called the chanoma (ちゃのま), the ‘lower zashiki' (shita-zashiki したざしき), the ‘upper zashiki' (kami-zashiki かみざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ), the bedrooms (nando なんど and heya へや), the utility area (niwa にわ), and the kitchen (daidoko だいどこ) with firepit. The magari-ya (the front leg of the L) is partly omitted.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIX - PLANNING 27: HIROMA TYPE LAYOUTS 1 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the hiroma (here called the omē (おめえ) of a minka with a wrapped hiroma type layout in Yamagata Prefecture. The hiroma has a central firepit (irori 囲炉裏) and is in turn the centre of the dwelling, with the zashiki and bedrooms wrapped around it.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xlviii-planning-26-four-room-dwellings-7
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2024-10-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVIII - PLANNING 26: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 7 - Make it stand out
The Komaki house in Ibo County (Ibo-gun 揖保郡), Hyо̄go Prefecture. A perpendicular stagger type (yoko-kui-chigai kata 横食違い型), facade zashiki type (omote-zashiki gata 表座敷型), ‘gable alcove style' (tsuma-toko keishiki 妻床形式) four-room layout, with an ‘open' bedroom (nando, here called oku おく). The earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ) is highly developed, also displaying a four-part division: the niwa proper with entry area (iriguchi doma 入口土間) and long, deep ‘step' for greeting/receiving visitors (о̄tai 応対), for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the stable (umaya うまや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成); the ‘inner niwa' (uchi-niwaうちにわ) with rear entrance, stove, sink (nagashi ナガシ) and water (mizu 水), for food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整); and the ‘rear niwa' (oku-niwa おくにわ) for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵) and food preparation. The four rooms are the dining-family room (daidoko だいどこ), unpartitioned from the uchi-niwa, with ‘tea service' (mizuya ミズヤ), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the open bedroom (oku おく) for storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納), and husband and wife sleeping (fūfushūshin夫婦就寝), with closet (oshi-ire 押入); the formal zashiki (ざしき) for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事) and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), with decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked 卍); and the omote (おもて), somewhat between the daidoko and the zashiki in its level of formality, for receiving visitors (о̄tai 応対) both from the niwa and from the verandah (engawa).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVIII - PLANNING 26: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 7 - Make it stand out
The Kobayashi house in Kita-kuwada County (Kita-kuwada-gun 北桑田郡), Kyо̄to Prefecture. A parallel stagger type (tate-kui-chigai kata (縦食違い型), front/facade zashiki type (omote-zashiki gata 表座敷型), ‘gable alcove style' (tsuma-toko keishiki 妻床形式) four-room layout. The narrow niwa (にわ) has entry area (iriguchi doma 入口土間), mortar (kara-usu カラウス), stove (kudo くど), sink (hashiri ハシリ), and water (mizu 水), and is for storage (chozо̄ 貯蔵), food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整), and agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業). The four rooms are the dining-family room (daidoko だいどこ), unpartitioned from the niwa, with shelves (tana 棚) and firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), and entertaining guests (о̄tai 応対); the ‘lower room' (shimo-no-ma しものま) which is for receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客) and also functions as a ‘break-out room' for religious (shinkо̄ 信仰) ceremonies or other events (gyо̄ji 行事) held in the formal ‘upper room' (kami-no-ma かみのま); the kami-no-ma contains a decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked 卍) in the gable wall and is also used for sleeping (shūshin就寝); and the closed bedroom (nando なんど) for storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納) and husband and wife sleeping (fūfushūshin夫婦就寝), without a closet (oshi-ire 押入). The verandah (engawa) is for receiving visitors (о̄tai 応対) and handwork, and contains a storage closet.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVIII - PLANNING 26: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 7 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of an old thatched minka in a mountainous area of Tanba-guchi (丹波口), Kyо̄to Prefecture. Like the Kobayashi house, it has a staggered four-room interior layout with a ‘quarantined' nando.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xlvii-planning-25-four-room-dwellings-6
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0.5
2024-10-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVII - PLANNING 25: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
The Ishibe house, Yamagata Prefecture. A regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori 整形四間取り) L-plan dwelling. The projecting kitchen (katte かって), though partly board (ita 板) floored , is considered an extension of the earth-floored utility area (here daidoko だいどこ), and so is not counted as a room. It contains the stove, sink (nagashi ナガシ), and water (mizu 水), and is for meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整) and food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵). The daidoko is for food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and preparation of feed (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整), in this case mulberry leaves for sericulture (yо̄san 養蚕). It contains the entry (iriguchi 入口) and stairs to the roof space (yane-ura 屋根裏), also used for sericulture. The two front zashiki are collectively named mae-no-zashiki (まえのざしき). The lower front zashiki is used as a living room (ima 居間) and for courting (kо̄sai 交際), and its verandah is used for entertaining (о̄tai 応対) and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事). The upper front zashiki and rear kagi-zashiki (here called the oku-zashiki おくざしき) are both used for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝). The kagi-zashiki is well-appointed, with closet (oshi-ire 押入), decorative alcove (toko とこ), and flanking tsuke-shoin, here called aka-doko (アカドコ). The idoko (いどこ), partly board-floored, is for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and handwork, and contains shelves (todana ト゚ダナ) and two firepits (irori), here called hijiro (ヒジロ). There is also a walk-in closet for storage (shūnо̄ 収納) called the nando (なんど).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVII - PLANNING 25: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
A tsuke-shoin flanking the tokonoma in a modern residence. Here the nose of the kо̄-ita (甲板) is flush with the wall plane.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVII - PLANNING 25: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
A deep tsuke-shoin that projects the full width of a tatami mat (around 91cm). The sill (kо̄-ita 甲板) is set back around half this width from the plane of the wall, and, in a kind of recursive move, the shoin itself has been given a flanking window.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVII - PLANNING 25: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
A projecting shoin (tsuke-shoin) seen from the corridor (rouka) side.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/japanese-minka-xlvi-planning-24-four-room-dwellings-5
monthly
0.5
2024-10-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVI - PLANNING 24: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
The Nakazuka house. A gable-entry (tsuma-iri 妻入り), gable-alcove (tsuma-doko 妻床), regular four-room layout (seikeiyon-madori 整形四間取り). Labelled: the earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ) with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), stove, sink (nagashi ナガシ), and water (mizu 水), for meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整), food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵); the ‘dining-family room’ (hiroshiki ひろしき) with shelves (todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the zashiki (ざしき), with gable-end decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間, marked manji 卍), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); the ‘second room’ (tsugi-no-ma 次の間), here called de (で), for ceremonies, receiving guests, entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and sleeping; and the bedroom (heya へや), for sleeping and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納). Under the eaves there is an area for fuel (firewood) storage (nenryо̄ chо̄zо̄ 燃料貯蔵), a bath (furo ふろ); the ‘verandah’ (en 縁) is used for entertaining.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVI - PLANNING 24: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
The Kiyomiya house. Labelled: the earth-floored utility area (dēdoko でえどこ) with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間) and stove (kamado カマド), for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); timber lattice windows (kо̄shi mado 格子窓) between the dēdoko and hiroma; the living-dining-kitchen hiroma (ひろま) with threshold (agari-kamachi 上り框), shallow decorative alcove (oshi-ita 押板), firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), for spillover of ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), and weaving (hata-ori 機織); the formal but spartan dē (でえ) for ceremonies, sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and entertaining (о̄tai 応対) at its entrance; the ‘master bedroom' (heya へや) for storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納) and husband and wife sleeping (fūfu shūshin 夫婦就寝); and the second bedroom (urabeya うらべや), for storage of family possessions and sleeping. The external opening to the hiroma is a ‘lion window' (shishi mado 獅子窓), with a sill at around waist height and a thick, fixed lattice.
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Interior view of the Kiyomiya house showing the shallow decorative alcove (oshi-ita 押板) in the hiroma.
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Exterior view of the southern facade of the Kiyomiya house.
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Interior view of the dēdoko of the Kiyomiya house, looking north. The lattice windows (kо̄shi mado) to the hiroma are partly visible on the left, and to the north of them is the fixed timber board wall dividing the dēdoko from the urabeya.
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Interior view of the board-floored hiroma of the Kiyomiya house, looking east towards the dē.
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View of the hiroma showing the roof structure above.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLVI - PLANNING 24: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Kiyomiya house, taken from outside the looking north across the tatami-floored dē. The heya is beyond the north wall.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLV - PLANNING 23: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
The Ogura house. Labelled are: the niwa (にわ) with bath (nyū-yoku 入浴), entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), and ‘dog stop’ (inu-dome 犬止め, presumably waist-height partitions), for farm work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the inner niwa (uchi-niwa うちにわ), with stove, in-built closets for storage (chozо̄ 貯蔵) and fuel (nenryо̄ 燃料), and board-floored area with sink (nagashi ナガシ) and water (mizu 水), for food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整); the dining-living room (kamado かまど) with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and shelves (todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the bedroom (heya へや) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納); the zashiki (here oku おく), with gable-end shelves (tana たな) and decorative alcove (toko とこ), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); and the ‘second room’, here dei (でい), used as a ‘spillover’ room for ceremonies, and for entertaining (о̄tai 応対) and courting (kо̄sai 交際).
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The Morozumi house in Serigasawa, Nagano Prefecture. It is a four-room minka in the kagi-zashiki (鍵座敷, lit. ‘key zashiki’) style, with two ‘upper' (kami-te or uwami-te 上み手) zashiki running the full width of the gable-end wall, which is blind and completely taken up with joinery. In this region the stable (maya まや) occupies the rear of the doma; it is seemingly prioritised over the bedroom (ko-zashiki こざしき), which loses area to it. Labelled: the earth-floored utility area (usually doma or niwa but here called, somewhat unusually, the daidokoro だいどころ) with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), farm implement storage (nо̄gu okiba 農具置場), food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整) for silkworm breeding (kaiko-san 蚕産) and sericulture (yо̄san 養蚕); the rear stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihi zо̄sei 堆肥造成); the bedroom (ko-zashiki こざしき) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝), sericultre, and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納); the inner zashiki (iri-no-zashiki いりのざしき) with gable-end decorative alcove (toko とこ) and closet (mono-ire 物入), low heated table (kotatsu コタツ), and for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), sleeping, and sericulture; the front or facade-side zashiki (mae-de-no-zashiki まえでのざしき), with decorative alcove (toko とこ), shelves (tana たな), Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍), and kotatsu, for ceremonies, receiving guests, sleeping, and sericulture; and the general-purpose living room (ima いま), partly board (ita 板) floored and partly tatami (tatami タタミ) floored, with sitting sink (suwari-nagashi 坐りナガシ), firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and kotatsu, for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), sericultre, and night-time entertaining (yorunabe о̄tai 夜なべ応対). Externally, there is a place for agricultural storage (shūnо̄ 収農) at the entrance, and entertaining (о̄tai 応対) and sericulture take place on the ‘verandah’ (en 縁). As can be seen, every part of the dwelling is used for some aspect of silk production, indicating the economic importance that this activity once had in the region.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLV - PLANNING 23: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of an old thatched-roof (kari-ya 茅屋) minka in Serigasawa, Nagano Prefecture, with a very similar interior layout to the Morozumi house. The master of the house is just visible standing in the doorway, his head grazing the low eaves.
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The Yamamoto house. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area, consisting of the niwa (にわ), with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間) and menses (seiri 生理) closet, and for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業) and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整); the stable (umaya うまや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成); the ‘stove doma' (kamaya かまや), with stove (kudo くど), sink (hashiri はしり), ‘lever thresher' (kara-usu カラウス) and smoke bulkhead (kemuri-kaeshi 煙返し), for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), and food preparation (shokuryо̄ chо̄sei 食糧調整); a board ‘landing' (toko とこ) for lunch (chūshoku 昼食) and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the kitchen-dining room (daidoko だいどこ) for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and evening or night work (yonabe-shigoto よなべ仕事) with shelves (todana 戸棚) and bedroom entry (nando-gamae なんど構え); the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納; the zashiki (ざしき), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝), with Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍) and shelves; and the ‘second room' (tsugi-no-ma 次の間), here kuchi-no-ma (くちのま), for entertaining (о̄tai 応対), courting (kо̄sai 交際), and as a ‘breakout room' for the ceremonies of the oku-no-ma. The ‘verandah' (en えん) is also used for handwork and entertaining. There is an outside urinal (shо̄ben 小便, marked 小) next to the entrance. The position of the current (genjо̄ 現状), non-original gable-wall decorative alcove (tsuma-toko 妻床) is indicated with dashed lines.
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Interior view of the zashiki of the Yamanoto house, looking towards the Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間) on the right and shelves (todana 戸棚) on the left. Leaning against the shelves is a low table known as a kotatsu, with an electric heating element visible on its underside.
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A ‘lever thresher' (kara-usu 唐臼 or カラウス, lit. ‘Chinese mortar') for threshing grain.
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The Nakashima house. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area, consisting of the niwa (にわ), with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), and bath (furo ふろ), for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成); the ‘stove doma' (kamaya かまや), with stove (kudo くど), lever mortar (kara-usu カラウス) and smoke bulkhead (kemuri-kaeshi 煙返し), for food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整); and the ‘inner niwa' (uchi-niwa うちにわ), with sink (nagashi ナガシ) and board ‘landing' (ochima おちま), for meal preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整); the kitchen-dining room (daidoko だいどこ) for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん) and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), with shelves (todana 戸棚); the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納), with closet (oshi-ire 押入); the zashiki, here oku-no-ma (おくのま), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝), with Buddhist alcove (butsuma, marked manji 卍) and storage; and the ‘second room' (tsugi-no-ma 次の間), here de-no-ma (でのま), for entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and as a ‘breakout room' for the ceremonies of the oku-no-ma. The ‘verandah' (en えん) is also used for handwork and entertaining, and accessing the urinal (shо̄ben 小便, marked 小). Partitions are marked ko (コ) for kо̄shi (lattice), sasara-do (ササラ戸, very fine, closely-spaced lattice), shi (シ) for shо̄ji (障子, lattice with thin transparent paper on one side), fu (フ) for fusuma (襖, lattice with thick opaque paper on both sides), and obito (オビト).
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Four obito (帯戸)
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIII - PLANNING 21: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Comparison of a ‘perpendicular stagger’ (yoko-kui-chigai kata 横食違い型) layout (top); and a ‘parallel stagger’ (tate-kui-chigai kata 縦食違い型), layout. The doma (not pictured) are on the right of each plan.
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A comparison of staggered (kui-chigai 食違い) and regular (seikei 整形) four-room (yon-madori 四間取り) ‘facade zashiki type' (omote-zashiki gata 表座敷型) layouts illustrates the convenience of the staggered layout (on the left). In it, both the zashiki (ざしき) and the bedroom (heya へや) can be accessed directly from the larger of the doma-adjacent rooms, here the hiroma (ひろま). In the regular layout on the right, one must pass through either the zashiki or the ‘kitchen-dining room' (katte かって) to access the bedroom (heya へや) from the ‘living room' (dei でい). The doma (not pictured) are on the right of each plan.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIII - PLANNING 21: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Comparison of the ‘rear zashiki type' (kagi-zashiki gata 鍵座敷型) layout, on the left, with the ‘front/facade zashiki type' layout, on the right. Labelled: the zashiki (座敷), ‘living room' (hiroma 広間 or okami おかみ), bedroom (nebeya 寝部屋), tsugi-no-ma (次の間, lit. ‘next room', defined as ‘a room adjoining a main room'), and doma (土間).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIII - PLANNING 21: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
The left column of four plans shows the development path of a three-room hiroma-gata layout. It begins (top left plan) with three rooms: the doma-adjacent hiroma, upper rear bedroom, and facade-side zashiki. From there it can become either of two perpendicular-stagger four-room layouts: in the plan on the left, the rear doma-adjacent room (here labelled hiroma) gains area over the facade-side doma-adjacent room (unlabelled, but a tsugi-no-ma that either supplements the functions of the zashiki, variously called the dei, de-no-ma, etc., or some kind of living room). In the plan on the right, the front doma-adjacent room (again a hiroma) gains area, and the smaller rear doma-adjacent room (unlabelled) is a kitchen-dining room (katte, dadoko, cha-no-ma, or the like). These layouts re-converge in the bottom plan, a regular or ta-no-ji gata (田の字型, lit. ‘rice fields character type') four-room layout. The right column of two plans illustrates the development of the kagi-zashiki layout from staggered (top plan) to regular (bottom plan), each with ‘upper' and ‘lower' zashiki, facade-side hiroma/tsugi-no-ma, and a doma-adjacent rear bedroom. Labelled: the doma (土間), ‘upper' (ue 上) and ‘lower' (shita 下) zashiki (座敷 or 座), ‘living room' (hiroma 広間 or 広), dining room (cha-no-ma 茶の間), and bedroom (shinjo 寝所 or 寝).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLIII - PLANNING 21: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Hiroma-type (hiroma-gata 広間型) three-room (san-madori ３間取り) layouts tend to evolve into perpendicular stagger (yoko-kui-chigai 横食違い) four-room layouts. Labelled: the bedroom (heya へや), zashiki (ざしき), ‘living room' (hiroma ひろま), and ‘kitchen-dining room' (katte かって). The doma (not pictured) are on the right of each plan.
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Front-zashiki type (mae-zashiki gata 前座敷型) three-room (san-madori ３間取り) layouts tend to evolve into parallel stagger (tate-kui-chigai 縦食違い) four-room layouts. Labelled: the bedroom (nema ねま or heya へや), zashiki (ざしき), ‘kitchen-dining-family room' (daidoko だいどこ), and tsugi-no-ma, here called the kuchi-no-ma (くちのま, lit. ‘mouth room' in the sense of ‘entry', presumably to the zashiki). The doma (not pictured) are on the right of each plan.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/7/19/japanese-minka-xlii-planning-20-four-room-dwellings-1
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLII - PLANNING 20: FOUR-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Hypothetical plans illustrating the two sub-categories of four-room layout (yon-madori 四間取り). On the left is a ‘staggered' layout (kui-chigai gata 食違い型); in this case it is a ‘hiroma type’ (hiroma-gata 広間型) layout, with the ‘stagger’ in the partition line being perpendicular to the room-doma boundary, further classifying it as a ‘perpendicular staggered type’ (yoko kui-chigai gata). The plan on the right is a regular (seikei 整形) four-room layout (yon-madori 四間取り). Earth-floored utility areas (doma 土間) are not shown, but should be imagined on the right of each plan; i.e. in the first plan the ‘living room’ (hiroma ひろま) and ‘kitchen/dining room’ (katte かって) border the doma, and in the second plan the katte and ‘living room’ (dei でい) border the doma. Given that minka typically lack internal corridors, one advantage of the staggered layout over the regular layout, apparent from looking at these two plans, is that the staggered layout gives two of the rooms direct access to all three of the other rooms. In the example above, one can go between ‘living room’ (hiroma ひろま) and bedroom (heya へや) without entering either the ‘kitchen/dining room’ (katte かって) or the ‘formal room’ (zashiki ざしき), whereas in the regular layout, one cannot go from the ‘living room’ (dei でい) to the heya except via either the katte or the zashiki. This ‘universal access’ functionality can be given to any room according to the placement of the ‘stagger’, but for obvious reasons it usually goes to the room that corresponds most closely to the western idea of the ‘living room’, i.e. the room that acts as the functional hub of the house.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/7/17/japanese-minka-xli-planning-19-three-room-dwellings-8
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLI - PLANNING 19: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 8 - Make it stand out
A two-room (ni-shitsu ２室) ‘parallel lineup’ (jūrets-gata 縦列型) minka, precursor to three-room parallel lineup layouts like the Izumi house.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLI - PLANNING 19: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 8 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Izumi residence. Labelled are the deep ‘porch’ (en えん) for ‘entertaining' (о̄tai 応対), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), and tool storage (dо̄gu okiba 道具置場); sheltered entry area for fuel storage (nenryо̄ chozо̄ 燃料貯蔵); stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihizо̄sei 堆肥造成); earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ) with entry (doma iriguchi 土間入口), sink (hashiri はしり), and stove (kudo くど), for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵) and agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業); the zashiki (ざしき) for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客) and sleeping (shūshin 就寝), with closet (iriguchi, marked 入) and Buddhist alcove with altar (marked 卍); the living-dining room (daidoko だいどこ) with board (ita 板) floor, edge-located firepit (irori いろり), and shelf closet (todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and handwork; and the bedroom (nando なんど), for sleeping and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XLI - PLANNING 19: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 8 - Make it stand out
The top row of plans show the development of a parallel lineup layout in the Nose district. Note that on the second plan「外縁」(gai-en, ‘external verandah' should read 「内縁」 (nai-en, ‘enclosed verandah'). The bottom row of four plans show the development of the parallel lineup three-room layout (jūretsu-gata san-madori 縦列型三間取り, the first plan) into a ‘merchant house' (shо̄-ka 商家, the second plan), where the zashiki has moved to the rear and a shop (mise 店) and ‘lower shop' (shita-mise 下店 are added at the street/entry facade. Then in thetownhouse (machiya 町家) the zashiki and ‘living-dining room' swap places. Finally the machiya expands sideways into a ‘twin parallel lineup' (ni-retsu-tate-narabe ２列竪ならべ) with six rooms. Legend: stable (u 牛), zashiki (za 座), living-dining or dining room (dai 台), bedroom (ne 寝), living room (i 居), shop (mise 店).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/7/17/japanese-minka-xl-planning-18-three-room-dwellings-7
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0.5
2024-08-16
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XL - PLANNING 18: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 7 - Make it stand out
A front-zashiki type layout, but the rear daidoko is large and offset from the zashiki, extending out into the doma to form a staggered three room layout. Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ) for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), with stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間); the ‘living-dining’ room (daidoko だいどこ), open (kaihо̄ 開放) to the niwa, for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and family possessions (kazai 家財); and the formal room (zashiki ざしき), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), with alcove (butsuma 仏間) for Buddhist altar (marked manji 卍), decorative alcove (toko とこ), and shelves (tana たな). Sennan County, О̄saka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XL - PLANNING 18: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 7 - Make it stand out
Two paths of development of the ‘deformed’ (henkei 変形) front-zashiki three-room layout. The top row illustrates the development of the Sennan County, О̄saka Prefecture minka shown in the large plan above. The bottom row shows the path of development of a minka in Naka County, Wakayama Prefecture. Labelled are the stable (maya, here marked ushi 牛, lit. ‘cow’), the ‘living-dining’ room (daidoko, marked dai 台), bedroom (nando, marked ne 寝), ‘formal room’ (zashiki, marked za 座), and ‘living room’ (ima, marked i 居).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/7/4/japanese-minka-xxxix-planning-17-three-room-dwellings-6
monthly
0.5
2024-10-11
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
The Furui House (Furui-ke 古井家) in Hyogo Prefecture, a front zashiki three-room layout (mae-zashiki-gata san-madori 前座敷三間取り) minka. The earth-floored utility area (the doma 土間 or niwa にわ, unlabelled) is for food storage (shokuruо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), meal preparation (shokuji chо̄sei 食事調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整), and contains the stove (kamado かまど), mortar (kara-usu からうす), water (mizu 水), sink (nagashi ナガシ), shelves (tana タナ), entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), and bath (nyūyoku 入浴), with external ‘kindling entry’ (taki-guchi 焚き口), urinal (shо̄ben 小便), and fuel (probably firewood) storage (nenryо̄ chozо̄ 燃料貯蔵); the stable (maya まや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihi zо̄sei 堆肥造成); the zashiki (ざしき) for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), village administration (sonsei 村政), sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and with religious room decorations (shinkо̄ heya kazari 信仰部屋飾り) and a verandah for greeting/entertaining guests (о̄tai 応対) and ‘honored guest’ entry (shо̄kyaku iriguchi 正客入口); the ‘living dining room’ (cha-no-ma ちゃのま) for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and utensil shelves (jūki dana 什器棚); and the bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping and storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納). The exterior is fully plastered (nuri-gome zukuri ぬりごめ造り).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Plans showing the path of development of the basic (kihon-gata 基本型) front zashiki three-room layout (mae-zashiki san-madori 前座敷三間取り) in the Harima (播磨) region, Hyо̄go Prefecture. First it becomes a staggered four-room layout (kui-chigai yon-madori 食違い四間取り), then a regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori 整形四間取り). Labelled are the stable (umaya, here marked 牛), ‘living room’ or, in the three-room layout, the ‘formal room’ (omote 表), ‘kitchen dining’ room (daidoko or chanoma, marked 台), bedroom (nema or nando, marked 寝), and ‘formal room’ (zashiki, marked 座). Characteristic of the minka of this region is that both gable walls are blind (ryо̄-tsuma heisa 両妻, lit. ‘both gable closed’) and the bath and toilet are at the entrance (kado furo 門風呂, lit. ‘gate bath’ and kado benjo 門便所, lit. ‘gate toilet’).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Exterior facade-side view of the Furui house showing its fully-plastered (nuri-gome) external walls and closed gable-end walls.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking from the niwa into the chanoma with its edge-positioned firepit (irori) and the open nando beyond.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking across the niwa to the rear entry.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking from the niwa across the bamboo and mat-floored chanoma with its perimeter irori to the nando with sliding door open. The closed entry to the zashiki is on the left.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking across the zashiki towards the blind gable wall, showing scalloped floorboards and Shintо̄ shrine (hokora 祠).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking from the nando across the chanoma to the niwa.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 17: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Furui house, looking from the chanoma into the nando.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/7/3/japanese-minka-xxxviii-planning-16-three-room-dwellings-5
monthly
0.5
2024-10-11
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVIII - PLANNING 16: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
Plan of a ‘four dwelling’ (yotsu-sumai 四つ住まい) minka in the Kohoku (湖北) region of Shiga Prefecture. Labelled are: the central post (naka-bashira 中柱); the ‘beaten mat’ (tataki-mushiro 叩き莚) floored niwa (にわ) with entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), bath (nyūyoku 入浴), firewood store (shiba-iri 柴入), and external urinal (shо̄ben 小便), for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業) and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事); the ‘dining-kitchen’ daidoko (だいどこ) or niuji (にうじ) with threshold (bugi ぶぎ), privacy screen (mekakushi めかくし), stove (fudo ふど), firepit (irori いろり), firewood or brush (shiba シバ), and shelves (tana タナ and todana 戸棚), for dining (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and dinner preparation (shojuki chо̄sei 食物調整); the bedroom (nema ねま) with area for storage of family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財格納), for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 格納); and the ‘formal room’ (zashiki ざしき), with board partitions (itado 板戸), decorative alcovve (toko とこ), and Buddhist altar alcove (butsuma 仏間, here marked with swastika manji), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVIII - PLANNING 16: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the same minka as shown in the plan above, looking across the earth-sitting (doza 土座) kitchen (daidoko だいどこ or niuji にうじ). The firepit irori いろり) with trivet (gotoku 五徳) and the stove (kamado かまど, here fudo ふど) are integrated in a single pit.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/6/26/japanese-minka-xxxvii-planning-15-three-room-dwellings-4
monthly
0.5
2024-07-27
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the facade of the former Kitamura residence.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
The Kitamura residence (Kitamura-ke 北村家), a hiroma-type three-room layout (hiroma-gata san-madori 広間型３間取り) in eastern Japan. The dashed line indicates where the hiroma (ひろま) would be partitioned to create a staggered four-room layout (kui-chigai yon-madori 食違い四間取り); this new partition might then move forward to align with the heyaーoku (へやーおく) partition, to create a regular four-room layout (seikei yon-madori (整形四間取り). Labelled are: the earth-floored utility area (daidokoro だいどころ) with stove (kamado かまど), well (marked mizu 水), and entry doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), for food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整), food storage (shokuruо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), and storage of farm implements (nо̄gu okiba 農具置場); a urinal (shо̄ben 小便); the ‘living room’ (hiroma ひろま) with shelves (todana 戸棚), ‘sitting sink’ (suwari-nagashi 座り流し), raised entry (chо̄dai-gamae 帳台構え) to the bedroom, firepit (irori, marked ro 炉) and decorative alcove (oshi-ita 押板), for dining (shokuji 食事), food preparation, family time (danran 団らん), entertaining (о̄tai 応対), and handwork; the ‘formal room’ (zashiki 座敷, here called oku おく), with Buddhist altar (butsudan, here marked 卍), decorative alcove (toko とこ) and storage (en えん), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); and the bedroom (heya へや) with closets (oshi-ire 押入), for sleeping and storage of family possessions (kazai kakunо̄ 家財格納). The three smaller plans below show another possible path of development from three-room to four-room layout, from minka in the Tajima district (Tajima chihо̄ 但馬地方) in northern Hyо̄go Prefecture, western Japan. Labelled are: the stable (umaya, abbr. u 牛), the hiroma (daidokoro, abbr. dai 台), zashiki (abbr. za 座), bedroom (nema, abbr. ne 寝), and ‘living room’ (ima, abbr. i 居). Note that, somewhat confusingly, in the Kitamura house the earth-floored utility area (doma) is called the daidokoro and the main ‘living room’ is called the hiroma, whereas here the earth-floored utility area (unlabelled) is called the niwa and the main ‘living room’ is the daidokoro. This reflects differences in naming conventions between eastern and western Japan.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the facade-side verandah (engawa 縁側) and openings to the formal room (oku おく), left, the hiroma (ひろま), centre, and the daidokoro (だいどころ), right.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the former Kitamura residence, looking from the daidokoro towards the hiroma, with the oku (left) and heya (right) beyond. A step in level and three stout posts mark the otherwise unpartitioned boundary between daidokoro and hiroma.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
An interior view of the Kitamura house (Kitamura-ke 北村家) showing the hiroma (ひろま) with bamboo ‘mat’ floor (takesu yuka 竹簀床) extending to the edge of the raised decorative alcove (oshi-ita (押板); to the right is the somewhat decorative choudai-gamae (帳台構え, sliding doors on a raised lintel) that lead to the bedroom (heya へや). The ‘dining’ area of the hiroma, in front of the choudai-gamae, is board-floored (yuka-ita 床板). On the left is the board sliding door in open position, and beyond it the zashiki, here known as the oku (おく), with decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) visible.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII- PLANNING 15: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
View from the board-floored ‘dining-kitchen’ part of the hiroma across the bamboo-floored part of the hiroma and towards the daidokoro. Bamboo also features in the semi-permeable ceiling and the ‘bulkhead’ screen above the lintel at the daidokoro-hiroma boundary, giving the interior a lighter, warmer feel than if these surfaces were lined with timber boards.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/6/18/japanese-minka-xxxvi-planning-14-three-room-dwellings-3
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2024-07-19
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 14: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 3 - Make it stand out
Plan of a Yogo style front-doma three room layout minka in the Kohoku region of northern Shiga Prefecture. Labelled are the entry doma (iri-guchi doma 入口土間) niwa (にわ), laid with mats (mushiro むしろ) and slatted panels (sunoko すのこ), with shelves (tana タナ), sink (hashiri はしり), bath (furo ふろ), and firewood (maki 薪), for cooking (suiji 炊事), farmwork (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業), and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整); the stable (maya まや) for keeping livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育), and an annex with hay store (kusa-iri 草入), toilet (benjo 便所) and urinal (shо̄ben 小便); the ‘living room’ (daidoko だいどこ), originally (moto 元) earth-floored (doma 土間) with firepit (irori いろり) and storage area for family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納), for food preparation (shokuji chо̄sei), eating (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), and entertaining visitors (о̄tai 応対); the zashiki (ざしき) with decorative alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist altar (butsudan, marked 卍), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and the bedroom (nema ねま) with storage area for family possessions (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納), for sleeping (shūshin 就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 収納). Also labelled are the central post (naka-bashira 中柱), sliding doors (to と) and sills (shi し), and board wall (ita-kabe 板かべ). Most of the exterior is fully plastered (о̄-kabe 大かべ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 14: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 3 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the same front doma three-room layout minka as shown in the plan above. The room with the irori in the foreground is the daidoko; behind it is the nema on the right and the zashiki on the left, with the naka-bashira (with clock) marking the boundary between them. They are enclosed with board partitions (itado 板戸), though only one partition (the centre leaf) to each room is operable, the others being fixed (hame-koroshi 嵌殺し). A simple shrine (kami-dana 神棚) is suspended from the lintel (kamoi 鴨居).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 14: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 3 - Make it stand out
These four plans indicate the path of development of the Yogo style front-doma three-room layout. The first plan is the starting point, with doma (marked sa 詐), living room (daidoko, marked dai 台), zashiki (marked za 座), and bedroom (nema, marked ne 寝). In the second plan, two rooms are added to the rear, resulting in a five-room layout known as kuni-naka sumai (国中住まい), with zashiki, two nema, and a ‘living room’ (ima, marked i 居). Then (in the third plan) an additional zashiki might be added as a ‘leg’ at the front to form an L-plan minka known as tsunoya-zukuri (つのや造り); an ittou-zukuri (一棟造り) annex may also be added; or two legs might be added at the rear (ryо̄-tsunoya-zukuri (両つのや造り, the fourth plan), with another ‘living room’ (omote 表) and a formal entry vestibule (genkan, marked gen 玄).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/6/11/lqnpyfivrwo8ibempfsnbr0tc9oev1
monthly
0.5
2024-10-11
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 13: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Plan of a prototypical front-doma type (mae-doma-gata 前土間型) three-room (san-madori ３間取り) dwelling, an A-frame construction (mata-date-zukuri 股建て造り) hut (kari-ya 仮家, lit. ‘temporary house’), partitioned with hanging mats. Labelled are the doma, here called niwa (にわ), with toilet (benjo べんじょ), window (mado まど), and hanging mat (tsuri-mushiro 吊り莚); the board-floored (ita-shiki 板敷) ‘living room’ (oe おえ) with sliding door (hiki-do 引き戸), firepit (irori, marked ro ろ), and paper-covered sliding partitions (akari-shо̄ji あかりしょうじ); the bedroom (nedoko ねどこ), and the combined Buddhist altar room (butsuma ぶつま) and storage room (nando なんど). Toyama Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 13: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Plan of a thach-walled (kaya-kabe 茅壁) front-doma type (mae-doma-gata 前土間型) three-room layout (san-madori ３間取り) earth floor dwelling (doza-sumai 土座住まい). This plan gable-entry (tsuma-iri 妻入り) and without a chūmon. Labelled are the doma (土間), called here the niwa (にわ), for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業), food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食物調整) and food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵); the earth-sitting (doza 土座) ‘living room’ (naka-no-ma なかのま), for handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), dining (shokuji 食事), ‘family time’ (danran 団らん), entertaining guests (о̄tai 応対), and family sleeping (kazoku shūshin 家族就寝), with firepit (irori, marked ro 炉), sliding door (to と) with sill (shikii 敷居, marked shi し), threshold (kamachi カマチ), and mostly open (kaihо̄ 開放) walls; the ground joist (korobashi-neda 転ばし根太) and board floored (ita-yuka 板床) zashiki (ざしき), for ceremonies (gyо̄ji 行事) and receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), with Buddhist altar (butsuma, marked 卍); and the the earth-sitting bedroom (nema ねま) with hanging mat (tsuri-mushiro 吊り莚), for husband and wife sleeping (fūfu shūshin 夫婦就寝) and storage (shūnо̄ 収納). Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 13: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior view of a front-doma type (mae-doma-gata 前土間型) three-room (san-madori ３間取り) earth floor dwelling (doza-sumai 土座住まい). From front to back are the doma, then the hiroma, then the rearmost rooms, a zashiki on the right and bedroom (shinshitsu 寝室) on the left. Only the bedroom is enclosed; elsewhere there is nothing in the way of partitions, with the divisions between rooms only marked by stepped threshold members (kamachi 框). The bedroom, with hanging mat (tsuri-mushiro 吊り莚) over the entrance, is more of a sleeping closet or ‘step-in’ (fumi-komi 踏込み) room; perhaps, given its high sill (shiki-i 敷居), ‘step-over’ would be a more apt translation. Nagano Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 13: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
The Shinano-Akiyama no Minka (信濃秋山の民家), a chūmon-zukuri construction (中門造り): the doma is extended out from the facade to form an L-plan.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 13: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the three-room layout (san-madori ３間取り)Shinano-Akiyama no Minka (信濃秋山の民家).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/6/8/japanese-minka-xxxiv-planning-12-three-room-dwellings-1
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0.5
2024-07-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 12: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
A zashiki (座敷) in a modern house, with decorative alcove (toko-no-ma 床の間) on the left, Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) on the right, and Shintо̄ shrine (kami-dana 神棚) above the lintel on the right.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 12: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Conceptualisation of space in a minka (the example here is a one-room dwelling). There are two axes: the ‘front - back’ axis, relative to the entry/facade of the building; and the ‘in - out’ axis, relative to the doma.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 12: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
A hiroma-type three-room layout (hiroma-gata san-madori 広間型三間取り).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 12: THREE-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
An iron pot hanging over an irori. Like most irori in agricultural minka (nou-minka 濃民家), this one is wood-fueled. Since minka are without chimneys or even usually ‘smoke lanterns’ at the apex of the roof, the smoke from a wood fire can only escape through openings in the walls and by rising from the ceiling-less rooms into the roof space and then leaking out through the roof thatch. The interior is smoky, but not intolerably so. Over time, the timbers of the roof structure become almost black. The smoke is not without benefit: it functions to keep the thatch dry and fumigate it against rot and vermin. In urban townhouses (machiya 町家) with irori, charcoal (sumi 炭) was the fuel of choice.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/30/japanese-minka-xxxiii-planning-11-two-room-dwellings-6
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0.5
2024-06-28
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Plan of a minka on Hachijо̄-jima. All Hachijо̄-jima minka are, or are based on, the ‘longitudinal lineup’ (heiretsu-gata 併列型 or 並列型) two-room plan-form (ni-madori 二間取り). The plan may develop by adding or expanding the hari-dashi at the rear, as illustrated by the two smaller plans on the right: a bedroom (寝) and partly-earth floored ‘kitchen-dining’ room (台) are added to the original soto-no-ma (居) and uchi-no-ma (座). However, since there is a limit to the floor area that can be obtained by this path of development without completely altering the roof structure, often the house was expanded instead by adding separate, detached buildings such as a ‘granny flat’ (inkyo-ya 隠居家, lit. ‘retirement house’) called a jigura (ぢぐら).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
External view of a minka very similar to the one shown in the plan above. Hachijо̄-jima.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
An ensemble of detached buildings on Hachijо̄-jima. One of the four corner windbreak screens (ori-mawashi 折り回し) is visible on the main building (bо̄e ぼーえ), the rearmost building in the image. The structures in front of it are a raised-floor storehouses (taka-kura 高倉), fertiliser storehouses (taihi-kura 堆肥倉), or the like.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
The larger plan on the left is of a transverse lineup type (jūretsu-gata 縦列型) two-room layout (ni-madori 二間取り) raised-floor dwelling (taka-yuka jūkyo 高床住居) on Amami О̄shima. Labelled are the living room (umutei うむてい), bedroom (neisho ねいしょ), ‘verandah’ (shuen しゅえん), rear entry (yado-guchi やどぐち), and sliding doors (to と). The smaller plans on the right illustrate a possible path of development of this type of minka. The first plan, the basic form (kihon-gata 基本型), is a transverse lineup type (jūretsu-gata 縦列型) two-room layout (ni-madori ２間取り). The single building, the uiyā (ういやー), contains a living room (za 座) and bedroom (ne 寝), with a lean-to (geya 下屋) at the rear for cooking (sui 炊). In the second plan, the bedroom is divided to obtain a second bedroom or storeroom (nо̄ 納), resulting in a front-zashiki type three-room layout (mae-zashiki-gata san-madori 前座敷型３間取り), and a separate building (hanare 離れ) called tо̄gura (とうぐら) is added; the tо̄gura contains a living room (i 居) and kitchen (sui 炊). The two buildings are connected by a short corridor. In the third plan, the second building becomes the nakae (なかえ) with living room (i 居) and bedroom (ne 寝), and the title tо̄gura (とうぐら) is transferred to a third building, an earth-floored cookhouse (sui 炊).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
External view of a minka on Amami О̄shima of the same layout as that shown in the plan above. The perimeter of this minka is different to the open ‘verandah’ (engawa 縁側) typically found on mainland minka: here it is enclosed with board walls (ita-kabe 板壁). Unusually for Amami О̄shima, the building features a shingled (koba-buki こば葺き) roof. This has the advantage of allowing a significantly shallower roof pitch than is possible with thatch (which would leak), thus reducing wind loads on the roof in a typhoon-prone region.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 11: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 6 - Make it stand out
Exterior view showing the ‘separate buildings’ path of development of Amami О̄shima minka. In this case the total house consists of two buildings (ni-tou ２棟, lit. ‘two ridges’). In the foreground on the right is the main building (shuya 主家) called the uiyaa (ういやー); on the left behind it is the ‘cookhouse’ (suijitо̄ 炊事棟) called the tо̄gura (とうぐら). The two buildings are connected by a short corridor (watari-en 渡縁).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/29/japanese-minka-xxxii-planning-10-two-room-dwellings-5
monthly
0.5
2024-06-21
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - PLANNING 10: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
A ‘transverse division’ (tate-bunwari 竪分割) ‘longitudinal lineup’ (heiretsu-gata 併列型 or 並列型) two-room plan-form (ni-madori 二間取り) from the Iya (祖谷) district in Shikoku. The 15-mat (approx. 25m²) uchi-no-ma (うちのま) is counted as a room. It contains the firepit (yururi ゆるり), sink (nagashi ナガシ), water (mizu 水), tea preparation area (mizu-ya 水や) and stove (kamado かまど). The 12.5-mat (approx. 20m²) ‘living room’ (omote-no-ma おもてのま) contains another firepit, closets (oshi-komi 押込み), Buddhist altar (marked 卍), and Shinto ‘shrine’ (kami-dana 神棚). On the ‘verandah’ (kiri-en 切り縁) are the bathing area (mokuyoku-jо̄ 沐浴場) and toilet (benjo 便所).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - PLANNING 10: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
A one-room (hito-ma dori ひと間取り) minka with a board-floored (ita-ma 板間) ‘doma’ (here called the uchi うち) that is not counted as a room.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - PLANNING 10: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
Exterior of a longitudinal lineup (heiretsu-gata 併列型) three-room (san-madori ３間取り) minka in the Iya district of Shikoku. The toilet (benjo 便所) and bathing place (mokuyoku-jо̄ 沐浴場), given privacy by only a basic privacy screen, can be seen projecting from the facade.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - PLANNING 10: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
Example of the transformation of a ‘longitudinal lineup’ two-room layout (ni-madori ２間取り) minka (first plan) in the Iya district into a longitudinal lineup (heiretsu-gata 併列型), three-room (san-madori ３間取り) then four-room layout, with separate bedroom/s, then into a staggered (kui-chigai-kata 食違い型) six-room (roku-madori ６間取り) layout, and finally into a regular (seikei 整形) six-room layout (roku-madori ６間取り).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - PLANNING 10: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 5 - Make it stand out
A jо̄dan-no-ma (上段の間) in an upper-class residence.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/25/japanese-minka-xxxi-planning-9-two-room-dwellings-4
monthly
0.5
2024-06-14
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
A ‘transverse lineup’ type (jūretsu-gata 縦列型) two-room layout (ni-madori ニ間取り) plan of a minka in Mie Prefecture. Labelled in the main plan are: firewood storage (netsuryо̄ okiba 熱量置場) and bath entry (nyū-yoku 入浴); the various earth-floored utility areas: the niwa (にわ) for food preparation (shokumotsu chо̄sei 食物調整) and with shelves (todana 戸棚), sink (nagashi ナガシ), and water (mizu 水); the ‘front niwa’ (mae-niwa 前にわ) for agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業) and feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整) and with entrance doma (iriguchi doma 入口土間), main entrance (о̄do 大戸, lit. ‘big door’) and an unfixed low platform called an oki-kura 置座, lit. ‘put seat’); the ‘earth-sitting’ (土座) and presumably mat-floored stove area (kamaza かまざ) with ‘big stove’ (о̄-kama 大カマ); and the stable (umaya うまや) for raising livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育) and composting (taihi zо̄sei 堆肥造成); and the raised timber-floored areas: the ‘dining area’ (daidoko だいどこ), spread with mats (mushiro-jiki 莚敷), for dining (shokuji 食事) family time (danran 団らん) hand-work (te-shigoto 手仕事), housework (kaji 家事), and receiving visitors (о̄tai 応対); the formal room (usually zashiki 座敷, here dei でい) with closet (oshi-ire 押入) and Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇, marked with swastika manji 卍), for ‘events’ (gyо̄-ji 行事), entertaining guests (sekkyaku 接客) and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); and the bedroom (oku おく) for sleeping and storage of family valuables (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納). Mie Prefecture. Labelled in the smaller plans: shin 寝 bedroom, za 座 formal room, dai 台 dining room, kama 釜 stove area, ushi 牛 stable, and i 居 ‘living room’.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Hakogi house as appeared after many centuries of additions and alterations and before it was restored. It is a regular six-room layout, with seventh three-mat room projecting out into the large niwa (にわ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Plan of the Hakogi house after it was restored to its presumed near-original state, with adjacent detached structure (hanare 離れ) formed by removing the middle two rooms. The main house is a ‘front zashiki’ type (mae-zashiki keishiki 前座敷形式) three-room layout (san-madori 三間取り) and consists of the earth-floored niwa (にわ) and stable (umaya うまや), and the three raised-floor rooms: the ‘dining room’ (daidoko だいどこ), ‘bedroom’ (nando なんど), and ‘living room’ or ‘front room’ (omote おもて).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of the southern façade of the Hakogi house, with detached outbuilding (hanare) to the left.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Interior view of the Hakogi house, taken from the niwa and looking towards the daidoko on the right and the omote on the left.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
The larger plan is of a two-room (ni-shitsu ２室) ‘transverse lineup’ (jūretsu-gata 縦列型) minka in the Hokusetsu district (Hokusetsu chihо̄ 北摂地方) in Hyо̄go Prefecture. Labelled are: the utility area (niwa にわ), with entry area (iriguchi doma 入口土間), door (to 戸), a stone called the urakachi ishi (ワラカチ石, lit. ‘???? stone’), rice winnowing machine (tо̄mi 唐箕), stove (kudo くど), lever mortar (kara-usu カラウス), sink (nagashi ナガシ), water (mizu 水), for agricultural work (nо̄sagyо̄ 濃作業), food preparation (shokumotsu chо̄sei 食物調整), and food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯貯蔵); the zashiki ざしき with board (ita 板) floor and board partitions (ita-do 板戸), for ‘events’ (gyо̄ji 行事), entertaining guests (sekkyaku 接客), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝); the dining room (daidokoro だいどころ), open (hо̄kai 開放) to the niwa, with firepit (irori いろり) and shelves (todana 戸棚), for eating (shokuji 食事), family time (danran 団らん), receiving visitors (о̄tai 応対), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事) in the evenings (yoru 夜); the fully plastered (nurigome ぬりごめ) bedroom (heya へや), for husband and wife’s sleeping (fūfu shūshin 夫婦就寝); and the open (hо̄kai 開放) verandah (engawa 縁側, not labelled), for handwork and receiving visitors during the day (hiru 昼). The five smaller plans illustrate the layout development (madori no hatten 間取りの発展) and enlargement of the minka. In the first plan the two-room transverse lineup (ni-shitsu jūretsu-gata２室縦列型) gains a bedroom (寝) in addition to the original dining room (台), zashiki (座), niwa, and stable (牛); in the second plan, it gains another bedroom and a partition to the niwa; in the third plan, it gains a second zashiki, a ‘walk-in closet’ (入), an enclosed verandah, and a third, rear entrance, to become a five (or six if you count the closet) room layout; in the fourth plan, it becomes a six-room layout proper, with one of the zashiki becoming a living room (居), the appearance of a raised-floor ‘vestibule’ or genkan (玄), and the relocation of the sink; finally, in the fifth plan, we arrive at a regular (seikei 整形) six-room (roku-madori ６間取り) L-plan (tsunoya-zukuri つのや造り), where the bedrooms are separated by storage (shūnо̄ 収納) and the zashiki is extended out to form the short leg of the ‘L’.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - PLANNING 9: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Detail plans showing the three main types of wall (kabe 壁) construction; a single post (hashira 柱) is shown to represent the timber structure. On the left, о̄-kabe (大壁) on both exterior and interior sides; in the middle, shin-kabe (真壁) on both exterior and interior sides; on the right, о̄-kabe on (presumably) the exterior and shin-kabe (真壁) on the interior.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/23/japanese-minka-xxx-planning-8-two-room-dwellings-3
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2024-06-07
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - PLANNING 8: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 3 - Make it stand out
An L-plan house (kagi-ya 鍵家) in Saitama Prefecture. Labelled are the main room (zashiki ざしき) for receiving and entertaining guests (sekkyaku, о̄tai 接客, 応対), ‘events’ or ‘functions’ (gyо̄ji 行事), sleeping (shūshin 就寝), and containing an alcove (toko とこ) and Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) indicated with a swastika (manji 卍); the bedroom (oku おく) used for sleeping (shūshin 就寝), storage of family possessions (kazai-okiba 家財置場), and as a childbirth room (sanshitsu 産室), with a separate passage (tsūro 通路) for the midwife (sanpu 産婦); the doma, here called the daidokoro (だいどころ), for food preparation (shokumotsu-chо̄sei 食物調整), food storage (shokuryо̄-chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業), and handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), and containing the main entrance (tobukuchi とぶくち), rear entrance (setoguchi せとくち), stoves (kamaba かまば), and firepit (irori いろり), which unusually is located up against the walls in a corner. The smaller plan below is an example of a kagi-ya that has developed a third room, a living room (ima 居間, here i 居), by adding a timber floor to part of the doma. In addition to the bedroom (nema 寝間, here ne 寝) that forms the initial wing or leg of the ‘L’, it also has a second leg: the ‘kitchen’ area (marked kama 釜) extended out from the original doma, making the plan arguably more of a ‘C-plan’, called in Japanese kudo-zukuri (くど造り, lit. ‘stove construction’, after the fact that some stoves have the shape of a comma or C).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - PLANNING 8: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 3 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of a modest kagi-ya
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/18/japanese-minka-xxxix-planning-7-two-room-layouts-2
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0.5
2024-05-31
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 7: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
A 縦列型２間取り in the Kawachi district of О̄saka Prefecture. The smaller plans below the main plan show the plan-form development of minka in this area from single-room, to extension of the interior by the enclosure of the area under the eaves into a two-room plan, further extending and enclosing the eaves, adding a bedroom to make a front-zashiki three-room layout (mae-zashiki-gata san-madori 前座敷型３間取り), to the addition of a ‘Buddha room’ (butsuma 仏間) to arrive at a regular four-room plan-form (seikei yon-madori 整形４間取り).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 7: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Table of plan-form classifications. Note the different paths taken by the two possible forms of two-room layout (here ni-shitsu-gata ２室型) in their evolution into regular (seikei 整形) or staggered (kui-chigai 食違い) four-room layouts (yon-madori ４間取り): the ‘transverse division’ (tate-bunwari 竪分割) two-room layout first becomes a ‘hiroma-type’ three-room layout (hiroma-gata san-madori 広間型３間取り) before gaining a fourth room; whereas the ‘longitudinal division’ (yoko-bunwari 横分割) two-room layout first becomes a ‘front zashiki’ three-room layout (mae-zashiki-gata san-madori 前座敷型３間取り) before gaining a fourth room.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 7: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of a two-room jūretsu-gata (縦列) minka similar to that shown in the plan above. The exterior is extended out under the tiled eaves. О̄saka Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIX - PLANNING 7: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
A minka in Nagano prefecture that over successive additions has developed from its initial ‘transverse line-up’ layout (jūretsu ni-madori 縦列２間取り), with a strongly closed character, into a regular four room plan-form (seikei yon-madori 整形４間取り). First the doma is extended and organised into different functional areas. Finally the raised-floor part is extended with the addition of formal rooms for receiving guests. Labelled are the earth-floored doma (どま) with entrance (о̄to 大戸), ‘bedroom’ (goza (ござ), ‘living room’ (chanoma ちゃのま, lit. ‘tea room’), ‘tool room’ (miso-beya みそべや), kitchen (daidokoro だいどころ), stable (umaya うまや), firepit (irori いろり), sink (nagashi ながし), toilet (benjo 便所), stove (kamado かまど), shelving (todana 戸棚), rice (kome 米), closet (oshi-ire 押入), decorative alcove (toko とこ), front formal room (mae-deno-zashiki まえでのざしき), rear formal room (oku-deno-zashiki おくでのざしき), verandah (nure-en 濡れ縁, not labelled), ‘god shelf’ (kami-dana 神棚) and Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) indicated with a swastika (manji 卍). The black circles represent the original or ‘old’ posts (ko-bashira 古柱); the circles with diagonal line through them are ‘middle old’ posts (chūko-bashira) added in the second stage; open circles are the ‘new’ posts (shin-bashira) added in the third stage.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/5/11/japanese-minka-xxxviii-planning-6-two-room-dwellings-1
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0.5
2024-05-24
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVIII - PLANNING 6: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Classification table of various minka plan-forms. The two possible two-room layouts are shown in the second column under the heading ni-shitsu-gata (２室型).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVIII - PLANNING 6: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
A west-facing two-room (ni-madori２間取り) dwelling with doma (土間) and the two rooms: the general living room (zashiki ざしき) and sleeping room (dei でい). Typically the zashiki denotes the more formal, inner area, but here the nomenclature is seemingly reversed, with the dei taking that role; what is here called the zashiki is more usually called the hiroma or omote. The doma is used for farmwork (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業), food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), and contains the entrance (iriguchi 入口), bath (furo ふろ), and a plank-floored area for cooking (suiji 炊事), dining (shokuji 食事), and handwork (teshigoto 手仕事). The 18-mat zashiki is for dining (shokuji 食事), family (danran 団らん), socialising (kо̄sai 交際), and sleeping (shūshin 就寝). The 9-mat dei is for sleeping (shūshin 就寝), faith-related activity (shinkо̄ 信仰), and receiving guests (о̄tai 応対). Both the zashiki and dei are earth-floored (doza 土座), though covered in mats, and have ‘slat’ ceilings (sunoko tenjо̄ すのこ天井) In addition there is a stable (maya まや), toilet (shо̄ben 小便), sink (nagashi ナガシ), shelves (todana 戸棚), storage for valuables (kazai shūnо̄ 家財収納), closet or robe (oshi-ire 押入), and Buddhist altar (卍). Yamagata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVIII - PLANNING 6: TWO-ROOM DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
An example illustrating how an entirely earth-floored (doza 土座) two-room (ni-madori ２間取り) minka (left) with ‘formal room’ (zashiki 座敷, shortened here to za 座) and ‘living room’ (ima 居間, shortened here to i 居) areas evolves into a three-room (ni-madori ２間取り) plan-form by partitioning a bedroom (nema 寝間, shortened to ne 寝) off from the zashiki; this then becomes a regular (seikei 整形) four-room (yon-madori ４間取り) layout by partitioning off a dining (shokuji 食事, here shoku 食) room from the main living area. Yamagata Prefecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/27/japanese-minka-xxxvii-planning-5-one-room-dwellings
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0.5
2024-05-17
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII - PLANNING 5: ONE-ROOM DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Plan of a one-room dwelling (ひと間住まい) in Shiga Prefecture (滋賀県). Labelled are the eight-mat (hachi-jо̄８帖) ‘room’ (heya へや), the earth-floored utility area (niwa にわ), entry door (to と), and the Buddhist altar (卍).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII - PLANNING 5: ONE-ROOM DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Exterior image of the minka shown in the plan above (the building in the foreground). The lattice window in the gable wall opens on to the niwa (にわ). Though in Shiga hipped-and-gabled (iri-moya zukuri 入母屋造り) minka are predominant, smaller structures such as these ‘granny flats’ are typically gable-roofed.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII - PLANNING 5: ONE-ROOM DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
A one-room dwelling in Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県). Labelled are the plank-floored (ita-ma 板間) utility area (uchi うち) with ‘water work’ (mizu-shigoto 水仕事) area, food storage (shokuryou chozou 食糧貯蔵) area, oven/stove (kudo くど), food preparation (tabemono chousei 食物調整) area, work area (sagyou-ba 作業場), utility entry (katte-guchi かって口), and earth-floored ‘step-in’ (fumi-komi 踏込み) for family entrance (kajin no deiri-guchi 家人の出入口); the ‘living room’ (omote おもて) contains an ‘event’ (gyou-ji 行事) area, ‘relaxation’ (yururi ゆるり) area, dining (shoku-ji 食事) family (danran 団らん) and guest (sekkyaku 接客) area, sleeping (shuushin 就寝) area, Separating the uchi and omote is a board screen (ita-kakoi 板囲い); there are no (nashi なし) operable paritions (tategu 建具).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII - PLANNING 5: ONE-ROOM DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Exterior of a minka in the Iya (祖谷) region of Shikoku. Minka plan-forms in this area are ‘column’ type, with toilet and bath typically protruding out from the centre of the south facade. In the background can be seen the inkyo-ke or ‘granny flat’ which also has a column plan-form. Perhaps because of the tight, mountainous sites, the custom in this area when extra room is required is to establish a new, separate building, rather than add to the main house.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVII - PLANNING 5: ONE-ROOM DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Two minka plans from the Gojima region (五島地方) of Kyūshū. The upper plan shows a one-room dwelling from which the bedroom has been separated off. Labelled are the stable (umaya うまや) for keeping livestock (kachiku shi-iku 家畜飼育); the doma (どま) with areas for food storage (shokuryо̄ chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵), food preparation (tabemono chо̄sei 食べ物調整), feed preparation (shiryо̄ chо̄sei 飼料調整), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 濃作業), entrance (iriguchi 入口); the raised board-floor (itama 板間) agariguchi (あがりぐち) with shelving (todana 戸棚), dining and ‘family’ area shokuji danran 食事団らん), family sleeping area (kazoku shūshin 家族就寝), Buddhist altar (butsudan 仏壇) indicated by swastika (manji 卍), areas for receiving (о̄tai 応対) and entertaining guests (sekkyaku 接客), and alcove (toko とこ); and bedroom (nando なんど) for sleeping (shin 寝). Partitioning of the interior of the upper plan, according to the organisation of activities within it, would result in a staggered (kui-chigai 食違い) four-room (yon-madori ４間取り) plan-form similar to that shown in the plan below. Labelled are the stable (umaya うまや), doma (どま) with bath (furo フロ), sink (hashiri ハシリ), ‘living room’ (adanoma あだのま) with fire (ro ろ), front bedroom (naisho なしょ) with shelving (todana 戸棚), Buddhist altar (butsudan) indicated by swastika (manji 卍), rear bedroom (nando なんど), and formal room (zashiki ざしき).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/24/japanese-minka-xxxvi-planning-4-single-space-dwellings-4
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0.5
2024-05-09
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 4: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Plan of a single-space minka on the Amami-О̄shima. Note the hipped-roof (yose-mune 寄棟) main building (uiyaa ういやー or omoya 母屋), the separate (bettо̄ 別棟) gable-roofed (kiri-zuma 切妻) ‘cookhouse’ (kamaya 釜屋 or tо̄gura とうぐら), and the eaves gutter (toi 樋) joining the two, shown as two dashed lines. Labelled also are the ‘front room’ (omote おもて) used for receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客) and as a living space (ima 居間) and the rearward sleeping area (neisho ねいしょ or shinjo 寝所), both with tatami (タタミ) floors; the lean-to ‘step-in’ (fumi-komi 踏込み) entry doma and closet (iri 入); the cooking (suiji 炊事) and dining (shokuji 食事) space with stove (kamado カマド); a shelf (tana タナ) and areas for food (shokuryо̄ 食糧) storage (chozо̄ 貯蔵) and preparation (chо̄sei 調整) on the plank-floored perimeter ‘corridor’ area; and the location of sliding ‘doors’ (to と).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 4: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
Photograph of the minka in the plan above, showing the lean-to entry doma and the cookhouse (tо̄gura) to the rear behind the main building (uiyaa).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXVI - PLANNING 4: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 4 - Make it stand out
A single-space minka on Miyako Island. Labelled are the earth-floored cooking and utility area called the kamaya (かまや) with stoves to the north and water well, marked 水 (mizu, water), to the south; the Buddhist altar, marked 仏 (butsu or hotoke, Buddha), central post (naka-bashira 中柱), and hypothetical partition locations (maji-kiri sо̄tei-sen 間仕切り想定線) shown with dot-dash lines. The living area is plank-floored (ita-shiki 板敷).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/23/minka-xxxv
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0.5
2024-05-02
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - PLANNING 3: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS ３ - Make it stand out
A single-space (tanshitsu-sumai 単室住まい) minka with separate (bunri 分離) sleeping area (nema ねま). The whole interior is earth-floored (doza 土座). Labelled are the entrance (iri-guchi 入口), agricultural work (nо̄-sagyо̄ 農作業), handwork (te-shigoto 手仕事), fire pit (irori いろり), food preparation (tabemono-chо̄sei 食物調整), food storage (shokuryо̄-chozо̄ 食糧貯蔵) dining (shoku-ji 食事), family (danran 団らん), receiving guests (sekkyaku 接客), ‘events’ (gyо̄ji 行事), partitioned enclosure (kakoi かこい) for the wife’s ‘retiring’ area (shufu-shūshin), and the family retiring area (kazoku-shūshin 家族就寝). The vertical dot-dash lines dividing the interior indicate hypothetical partition locations that would make this single space a three-room hiroma-gata (広間型) type interior.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/20/japanese-minka-xxxiv-planning-2-single-space-dwellings-2
monthly
0.5
2024-04-26
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 2: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of a reed thatch-walled (kaya-kabe 茅壁) A-frame construction (mata-tate-zukuri 股建て造り) single-space farmer’s ‘hut’ in the Mt Hakusan foothills. To the east (bottom) is the earth-floored ante-room (zenshitsu-doma 前室土間) containing the entry (iriguchi 入口) a basin (mizu-bune 水舟) fed by a bamboo pipe (かけひ), and a toilet (benjo 便所). This doma area was used for food storage (shokubutsu-chozо̄ 植物貯蔵), tool storage (dо̄gu-okiba 道具置場) and as a place of work (sagyо̄ba 作業場). Beyond the doma is the earth-floored (doza 土座) eating (shokuji 食事食事) and ‘family’ (danran 団らん) area, spread with mats (mushiro-shiki 莚敷). This area contains the fire pit (irori 地炉) around which the family positions are marked: husband (shujin 主人), wife (shufu 主婦), children (ko 子), guests (kyaku 客). There are two windows (mado まど) in the south wall. Also labelled are shelves (todanaとだな and nabedana 鍋棚), mortar (usu うす), and bundled straw (maki-wara 薪藁). At the rear of the interior is the ground joist (korobashi-neda 転ばし根太) and plank floor (ita-yuka 板床) family sleeping area (kazoku-shinjo 家族寝所), also used for food drying (shokubutsu kansо̄ 植物乾燥) and storage (iiiri? 飯入). In the back (west) wall is the Buddhist alcove (butsuma 仏間). There is also a ladder (hashigo はしご) up into the roof space (yane-ura 屋根裏). On the left (north) wall can be seen the sleeping area (shinjo 寝所) for the wife (shufu 主婦) and infants (yо̄ji 幼児), partitioned off with a 60cm high ‘fence’ (kakoi 囲い).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 2: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
A gabled, gable-entry, thatched A-frame farmer’s hut in Yamagata Prefecture, similar to the one shown in the floor plan above, but smaller and without an ante-room. The A-frame is somewhat bowed, giving the structure a ‘kamaboko (浦鉾, fish cake)’ form (kata 型). The entrance is simply closed off with a mat. The hut is roughly 10 tatami in area, about 30m2. It is located in remote mountain fields, so would have only been occupied in summer.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - PLANNING 2: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 2 - Make it stand out
The interior of another farmer’s hut in the foothills of Mt Hakusan, Ishikawa Prefecture (not the same hut as those above). To the rear of the fire pit is the yokoza (横座), the seating place for the husband; beyond that is the sleeping area with various items related to this activity. At the right edge of the fire pit is the wife’s seating area; beside this is an area for firewood, food and other cooking-related items. The photograph is taken from the entrance.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/18/japanese-minka-xxxiii
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2024-04-19
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 1: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
An old photograph of a chise.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 1: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of a chise. Labelled are: The ante-room (semu セム) with its entrance (semapa セマパ) The inner entry area (ape アぺ), fire area (apeoi アぺオイ), and around it the husband and wife’s area (shiso シソ) , guest area (rorunso ロルンソ) , family area (harukiso ハルキソ) , and lower sitting position (usara ウサラ, perhaps for casual ‘dropover’ visitors or those of lower status) The south-west corner (harukisoshikeu ハルキソシケウ) with kitchen (daidokoro 台所) area and kitchen window (pon-buyara ポンブヤラ) The family sleeping area (kazoku no shinjo 家族の寝所) The south-east corner (sо̄keshi ソーケシ), the guest area, and guest window (itsumun-buyara イツムンブヤラ) The ‘spirit window’ (kami-mado 神窓 or kamuy-buyara カムイブヤラ) The north-east corner (sо̄pa ソーパ) with religious or ceremonial items (saigu 祭具) Sleeping area (shinjo 寝所) for the husband (shujin 主人) and storage area for his items (dо̄gu 道具) Sleeping area (shinjo 寝所) for the wife (shufu 主婦) and storage area for her items (dо̄gu 道具) Area for hanging clothes (irui-kake 衣類掛け)
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 1: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of a chise by Isabella Bird, 1878
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Reconstructed chise in a museum with the south wall removed to reveal the interior.
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Interior of an Ainu chise looking from the harukiso (the south-west position at the fire pit) to the sо̄pa (north-east corner) with its array of religious or ceremonial items. The walls are lined with toma (トマ) mats woven from kina (キナ) (bullrush or cattail, in Japanese kama or kaba 蒲). The wall beams (keta 桁) are hung with woven ropes known as chisesamupe (チセサムぺ). In the foreground, standing in the corner of the fire pit, is an inunpesaoshipe (イヌンペサオシぺ), an artificial ‘flower’ made from wood shavings (in Japanese kezuri-bana 削り花, lit. ‘shaved flower’) analogous to the zig-zag paper nusa (幣) used in Japanese Shintо̄ ceremonies.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 1: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Interior of a chise showing fire pit with chisesamupe (チセサムぺ) and inunpesaoshipe (イヌンペサオシぺ), and toma (トマ) mats lining the walls.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIII - PLANNING 1: SINGLE-SPACE DWELLINGS 1 - Make it stand out
Modern reconstruction of a chise. This is the south facade, showing the entry opening in the semu and two small windows in the southern wall.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/15/vernacular-pictures-19
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2024-04-14
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 19 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/4/5/japanese-minka-xxxii-roof-framing-10-nobori-bari-framing
monthly
0.5
2024-04-05
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - ROOF FRAMING 10: NOBORI-BARI FRAMING - Make it stand out
Nobori-bari framing in a board/plank-roofed minka in the Tо̄hoku region. This roof space was used for sericulture and other purposes.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - ROOF FRAMING 10: NOBORI-BARI FRAMING - Make it stand out
Magnificent nobori-bari in the tsushi-nikai (厨子二階, an upper ‘half floor’ with low walls/ceiling and little headroom) of a tile-roofed merchant’s house (shou-ka 商家, a combined house/shop where the merchant both lived and did business) in Kurashiki City (倉敷市). Note the makura-gi (枕木) which serve also as the exterior eaves-supporting ude-gi (腕木); note also that the purlins (moya 母屋) bear directly on the nobori-bari at the irregularly-shaped beams’ ‘peaks’, and on short ‘adjustment’ stumps (tsuka 束) at the beams’ ‘valleys’.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - ROOF FRAMING 10: NOBORI-BARI FRAMING - Make it stand out
A new house showing the (ude-gi 腕木) supporting the verandah beam (keta 桁) which in turn supports the rafters (taruki 垂木).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - ROOF FRAMING 10: NOBORI-BARI FRAMING - Make it stand out
Examples of nobori-bari framing in the Kantо̄ region.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/3/28/japanese-minka-xxxi-roof-framing-9-wagoya-framing
monthly
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2024-03-30
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
Modern wa-goya-gumi (和小屋組) roof framing, showing posts (hashira 柱), wall beams (noki-geta 軒桁), transverse roof beams (koya-bari 小屋梁), corner bracing (hi-uchi-bari 火打梁), roof posts( koya-tsuka 小屋束), penetrating ties (koya-nuki 小屋貫), diagonal bracing (koya-sujikai 小屋筋交), underpurlins (moya 母屋), ridge beam (munagi 棟木), and rafters (taruki 垂木). Only one half of the roof is shown for clarity.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
1. A simple short-span wa-goya roof with only three rows of roof posts (koya-tsuka 小屋束) on the transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁), and underpurlins and a ridgepole set on the roof posts to carry the common rafters (taruki 棰).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
2. A wider building, but still spannable by a single koya-bari, and five rows of koya-tsuka; the central three rows of longer koya-tsuka are stabilised by penetrating ties (koya-nuki 小屋貫) in both directions.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
3. The wide span is divided into two with a row of internal ground floor posts (hashira 柱), upon which is set a longitudinal beam (naka-biki-bari 中引梁); the naka-biki-bari supports two transverse beams called nage-kake-bari (投掛梁). There are eight rows of koya-tsuka, an upper transverse beam (ni-ju-bari 二重梁), and above that shorter connecting beams (tsunagi-bari つなぎ梁) which stabilise the structure in place of penetrating ties (nuki 貫).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
4. The building is divided into three spans, with two rows of internal ground floor posts. The two outer transverse beams (tsunagi-bari 繋梁) act to tie the posts together but do not bear any of the roof load. The central, elevated ‘balance beam’ (tenbin-bari 天秤梁) carries a massive central longitudinal beam, which in turn supports two transverse ‘rising beams’ (nobori-bari 登り梁); it is these nobori-bari which bear the roof load via nine rows of koya-tsuka.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
5. Again there are three spans, but this building employs a very long transverse beam that runs the full width of the building and forms three continuous spans over the two internal ground floor posts; on this beam is carried a longitudinal beam (naka-biki-bari 中引梁), which in turn carries two nage-kake-bari (投掛梁) transverse beams. There are two additional tiers of transverse beams above this: the ni-ju-bari (二重梁) and san-ju-bari (三重梁). There are eleven rows of koya-tsuka, although note that some terminate at the san-ju-bari and some at the ni-ju-bari, without directly transferring their roof loads down to the nage-kake-bari.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
A wa-goya roof that incorporates principal rafters (sasu) in Akita Prefecture in northern Japan, an area of high snowfall.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
The Sasaki house in Nagano Prefecture, a region of high snowfall. The roof framing incorporates wa-goya-gumi elements (roof posts, upper roof beams, penetrating ties) into a sasu-gumi roof structure.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
Section diagram of the Sasaki house. The curves in the long continuous transverse roof beam (koya-bari 小屋梁) are cleverly oriented to ‘snake’ around the two outer longitudinal beams (uke-bari 受梁), which support it, and the central longitudinal beam (ji-mune 地棟), which it supports. Three rows of roof posts (koya-tsuka 小屋束) bear on these beams and are connected with penetrating ties (koya-nuki 小屋貫) in both directions. The uppermost central roof post is termed the shin-tsuka (真束). Interestingly, the roof run is divided into two rows of half-length sasu: the upper (sasu 叉首) and lower (kiri-sasu 切り叉首, lit. ‘cut sasu’).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
A similar structure to the Sasaki house, but without an upper central crown post (shin-tsuka) The principal rafters (sasu 叉首) and upper transverse beams (tsunagi-bari 繋梁) form an A-frame structure in the upper half of the roof space; in the lower half, three rows of roof posts (koya-tsuka 小屋束) transfer loads to the roof beams below.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
A roof in Tochigi Prefecture showing central roof post (shin-tsuka 真束) and two flanking roof posts (waki-tsuka 脇束) to support the principal rafters (sasu 叉首).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
A partly disassembled minka in Kanagawa Prefecture with roof framing that utilises both crown posts (odachi おだち) and principal rafters (sasu 叉首). Note that the sasu are not full-length from ridge to eaves; rather the run is divided into upper sasu (simply called sasu) and shorter, more slender lower sasu (kiri-sasu 切り叉首).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - ROOF FRAMING 9: WAGOYA FRAMING - Make it stand out
The magnificent thatched wa-goya roof of the Egawa House in Shizuoka Prefecture. A forest of roof posts, thicker and longer than the ground floor posts in the average minka, are connected with equally numerous penetrating ties, the whole forming a dense three-dimensional lattice.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/3/15/1b2eleapwqn73dp4t2308sdyroww4b
monthly
0.5
2024-03-23
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Photo of odachi-gumi roof framing in the Tanba region, Kyо̄to Prefecture. Labelled are the crown post (odachi おだち) supporting the ridgepole (munagi 棟木), and thick common rafters (taruki たるき) running from ridge to eaves. There are no principal rafters (sasu 叉首).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
The tail ends of the common rafters visible are at the eaves of this odachi-gumi roof (the same as in the photo above).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A row of stout odachi in the roof space of the Hirai house, Kо̄be City. The odachi are connected with penetrating ties (nuki 貫). Note the votive tablets or talismans fixed to the odachi to protect the house.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Photo of the roof framing of the Hori house in Kyо̄to Prefecture, taken from the lower attic floor. Visible are two central odachi posts and one of the flanking torii posts on the left.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A section of the Hori house. The central odachi (おだち) is flanked by torii (とりい) posts, making this torii-gumi construction.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A photo taken from the upper attic floor of an odachi-gumi minka in Tanba. Two pairs of oi-sasu are visible, bracing the long gable-end odachi. Note the adzed finish on the odachi.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Hiraoka House in Kuchi-Tanba, Kyо̄to Prefecture. A simple example of torii-gumi (鳥居組) roof framing. Labelled are the crown post (odachi おだち), the torii (鳥居) posts and beams, underpurlins (hiso-motase ひそもたせ) held in the ‘corners’ of the torii, and common rafters (hiso ひそ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Kawarabatake (河原畑) House, Kyо̄to Prefecture. ‘Hybrid’ roof framing utilising both principal rafters (sasu 叉首) and crown posts (odachi, highlighted in black). The two gable-end odachi are slanted outwards, and together with the gable-end principal rafters (oi-sasu 追い叉首) provide effective longitudinal bracing to the structure.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Section of the Kawarabatake House, showing both sasu (叉首) and odachi (おだち).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Roof framing of the Sako (迫) House in Nara (奈良) Prefecture. Labelled are the crown posts (odachi おだち), ridgepole (munagi 棟木), gable end principal rafters (oi-sasu 追い叉首), long side principal rafters (hira-sasu 平叉首) and diagonal or slanted principal rafters (nana-sasu or sha-sasu 斜叉首), long side wall plates/beams (keta 桁), gable end wall plate/beams (tsuma-hari 妻梁), and longitudinal roof beam (о̄yuka 大床). The odachi are octagonal in section, 30cm in diameter, and 6m long.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 8: ODACHI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Section diagrams of minka in southern О̄saka prefecture showing the transition of roof framing from odachi-gumi (left, here called shin-zuka kо̄hо̄ 真束構法) through hybrid construction (middle) to sasu-gumi construction (right). Note the absence of underpurlins (yanaka 屋中 or moya 母屋) in the sasu-gumi example.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/3/11/japanese-minka-xxx-roof-framing-7-odachi-framing
monthly
0.5
2024-03-22
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 7: ODACHI FRAMING - Make it stand out
The simplest tenchikongen-zukuri (天地根元造り) construction, without wall posts or beams, where the rafters terminate at ground level.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 7: ODACHI FRAMING - Make it stand out
Two examples of tenchikongen-zukuri in elevation. Top: without walls; bottom: with forked wall posts supporting wall beams.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 7: ODACHI FRAMING - Make it stand out
A simple agricultural structure with two forked muna-mochi-bashira posts holding up a ridgepole and three forked keta-uke-bashira posts supporting the wall plates or wall beams.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 7: ODACHI FRAMING - Make it stand out
Kamosu Shrine (Kamosu-Jinja 神魂神社), Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture. The building is an example of tenchikongen-no-miya-zukuri; the thick muna-mochi-bashira post can be seen in the gable wall, running from the ground to the ridge and supporting the ridgepole (not visible).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXX - ROOF FRAMING 7: ODACHI FRAMING - Make it stand out
A simple example of odachi-gumi (おだち組) or shin-zuka-gumi (真束組) construction, showing the relationship between the crown post (odachi おだち), ridgepole (munagi 棟木), longitudinal beam (nakaoki 中置), and transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁, unlabelled).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/3/9/vernacular-pictures-18
monthly
0.5
2024-03-08
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 18 - Make it stand out
A cob-and-tile garden wall with tile ‘roof’. It is unclear if the variation in this wall is the result of repairs over time or if the striated, folded effect is deliberate, inspired perhaps by rock formations. The contrast between the rustic face of the wall and the refined and ornamented hon-gawara (本瓦) tiling (a style of tiling in which flat nami-hira (並平) and half-round nami-maru )並丸) tiles are alternated) is striking.
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 18 - Make it stand out
A stepped rammed earth wall with tile capping and dry stone footing, complete with drainage ‘tunnel’. Though the rammed earth is the structural material, even these walls have timber posts set into them at intervals, to support their ‘roof’ framing.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/3/3/vernacular-pictures-17
monthly
0.5
2024-03-03
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/2/24/japanese-minka-xxix
monthly
0.5
2025-05-04
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - ROOF FRAMING 6: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
The roof structure of the Wakayama House in the Shо̄-gawa region. The о̄-hagai (大はがい), otherwise known as sumi-gasshо̄ (隅合掌), and ko-hagai (小はがい) are labelled in this gasshо̄-zukuri (合掌造り) roof. The ko-hagai shown are high up near the ridge, but would also be found in the lower part of the roof at the feet of the sasu (principal rafters); presumably they have been omitted for clarity. The dashed lines indicate the external form the roof would take were it a hipped-and-gabled roof, or iri-moya-zukuri (入母屋) in Japanese.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - ROOF FRAMING 6: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A gasshо̄-zukuri roof in the process of being reassembled, with most of the transverse tie beams (kainagi) in place, and the diagonal ko-hagai clearly visible between the lower halves of the principal rafters (sasu). The pale bands on the principal rafters indicate where the ropes used to tie the purlins (yanaka) to the rafters were.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - ROOF FRAMING 6: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
The same roof fully reassembled and waiting to be thatched. All the transverse members are in place, as are the purlins (yanaka) and rafters (taruki). There are no о̄-hagai on this roof.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/2/9/japanese-minka-xxviii-roof-framing-5-gassho-zukuri-framing-1
monthly
0.5
2024-02-23
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
The famed gasshо̄-zukuri minka of Shirakawa-go, Gifu Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
An upper floor of a gasshо̄-zukuri minka with timber slat flooring.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Diorama showing suspended reed mats holding silkworms and mulberry leaves.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Cutaway model of a gasshо̄-zukuri minka, clearly showing the chо̄na-bari and three attic floors.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
The uppermost attic floor of a gasshо̄-zukuri minka, partly floored with reed. Note the massive sasu.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - ROOF FRAMING 5: GASSHO-ZUKURI FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Illustration of the peculiar ‘hipped roof within a gable roof’ construction of some gasshо̄-zukuri minka.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/2/10/vernacuar-pictures-16
monthly
0.5
2024-02-10
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BLOG - VERNACUAR PICTURES 16 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/2/3/japanese-minka-xxvii-roof-framing-4-sasu-framing-3
monthly
0.5
2024-02-03
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Ainu people with chise in the background.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Pre-historical and historical range of the Ainu.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Exterior of a chise and associated outbuildings, showing uniformly thatched roof and walls, giving these dwellings a coat-like appearance.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Entrance of a chise.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
On the left, a female outhouse called the menokoru; on the right, a male outhouse, called the asinru.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Interior of a chise.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Interior of a chise.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
The roof framing of a chise, with members labelled with their Ainu names: the ridgepole (kitaiomani キタイオマニ), intermediate purlins (sakiriomappu サキリオマップ), principal rafters (sakarikanii サカリカニー), end wall plates (soetomotsueppu ソエトモツェップ), long wall plates (sobeshini ソべシニ), transverse beams (umangi ウマンギ) long side rafters (sakarikanii サカリカニー), corner rafters (sanperappunikani サンペラップ二カニ), and gable framing members (ponrikanii ポンリカニー).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
The roof structure of a chise showing the three principal rafters (ketsunni ケツンニ) forming the ‘tripod’, and the long side common rafters (hira-sasu 平叉首, here called chisenkarikani チセンカリカニ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Roof structure of a minka in Toayma prefecture, showing three pyramid arrangement, each pyramid having four poles (poles on the rear side of the roof are truncated for clarity).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Roof structure of a minka in Toyama Prefecture showing the diagonal principal rafters (sha-sasu or naname-sasu 斜叉首).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Minka roof framing from Ishikawa prefecture showing two pairs of diagonal principal rafters (sha-sasu or naname-sasu 斜叉首) between the end pyramids and the long side principal rafters (hira-sasu 平叉首).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - ROOF FRAMING 4: SASU FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Roof framing of a minka in Ishikawa prefecture showing diagonal principal rafters (sha-sasu or naname-sasu 斜叉首) and long-side principal rafters (hira-sasu 平叉首).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/1/25/japanese-minka-xxvi
monthly
0.5
2024-01-26
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - ROOF FRAMING 3: SASU FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A torii gate.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - ROOF FRAMING 3: SASU FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Torii-gumi construction.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - ROOF FRAMING 3: SASU FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - ROOF FRAMING 3: SASU FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Photograph showing how the oi-sasu (追い叉首) is tenoned up into the munagi (棟木) just to the outside of the paired hira-sasu (平叉首, here called sashiki さしき).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/1/15/japanese-minka-xxxv-roof-framing-2
monthly
0.5
2024-01-26
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - ROOF FRAMING 2: SASU FRAMING - Make it stand out
Typical example of sasu-gumi (叉首組) framing, showing four pairs of principal rafters (sasu 叉首) and transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁), ‘gable end’ rafters (oi-sasu 追叉首), wall plates (noki-geta 軒桁 and tsuma-bari 妻梁), cross bracing (hagai はがい), ridgepole (munagi 棟木), and common rafters (taruki 棰).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - ROOF FRAMING 2: SASU FRAMING - Make it stand out
Two joinery methods for connnecting the sasu at the apex of the roof: on the left, a cross half-lapped (aikaki 相欠き) and wedged (sen-uchi 栓打ち) joint; on the right, a pegged mortise and long tenon (naga-hozo-sashi-hana-sen-uchi 長枘差し鼻栓打ち) joint. The latter also shows how the ridgepole (munagi 棟木) is lapped into the crotch of the rafters.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - ROOF FRAMING 2: SASU FRAMING - Make it stand out
Photograph of the apex of a roof showing the sasu joined with cross half-lapped (aikaki 相欠き) and wedged (sen-uchi 栓打ち) joints, and the ridgepole (munagi) carried in the crotches formed.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - ROOF FRAMING 2: SASU FRAMING - Make it stand out
Two examples of joining the sasu to the beam structure: on the left, orioki-gumi (折置組) framing with the wall plate (keta 桁) over the transverse beam (koya-bari 小屋梁); on the right, kyо̄ro-gumi framing with the transverse beam over the wall plate, and the sasu ((叉首) secured in its hole with a wedge (kui 杭).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXV - ROOF FRAMING 2: SASU FRAMING - Make it stand out
Photograph of a carpenter reassembling a minka roof. This is a kyо̄ro-gumi framed roof, with the sasu set into holes in the longitudinal beams (keta) which sit on the transverse beams (koya-bari), though this example has two tiers of both. On the left can be seen a new, pale wedge (kui) holding the much older and darker sasu in place. Diagonal braces (hagai) are also visible.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2024/1/8/japanese-minka-xxxiv-roof-framing-1
monthly
0.5
2024-01-12
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - ROOF FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Sasu-gumi (叉首組) framing, showing the wall plates (keta 桁), transverse beam (koya-bari 小屋梁), principal rafters (sasu 叉首 or 扠首), purlins (yanaka 屋中), and rafters (taruki 棰).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - ROOF FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Wa-goya-gumi (和小屋組) framing, showing the wall plates (keta 桁), transverse beam (koya-bari 小屋梁), crown post (shin-tsuka 真束), penetrating tie (nuki 貫), underpurlins (moya 母屋) and ridgepole (munagi 棟木), and rafters (taruki 棰).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - ROOF FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
A primitive agricultural shelter showing naturally forked perimeter posts supporting wall plates, central posts called muna-mochi-bashira (棟持柱, lit. ‘ridgepole holding post’), also forked, that run from ground to apex and support the ridge pole, and common rafters spanning from ridgepole to wall plates. This structural arrangement is thought to be the progenitor of the wa-goya-gumi, where the obstructive muna-mochi-bashira are replaced with crown posts (shin-tsuka) bearing on transverse beams (koya-bari).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/68d8eb23-ff2a-4d92-a9bf-7fa3c17c774b/DSCF8699.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXIV - ROOF FRAMING 1 - Make it stand out
Odachi-gumi (おだち組) or shin-tsuka-gumi (真束組) framing, showing transverse beam (koya-bari, unlabelled), longitudinal beam (naka-oki 中置), crown post (odachi おだち), ridge pole (munagi 棟木), and bamboo rafters (kudari-dake くだり竹).
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Nobori-bari-gumi (登り梁組) framing, showing the transverse beam (zushi-yuka-bari 厨子床梁), tenoned (sashitsuke 差付け) into the posts, the central longitudinal beam (naka-oki 中置), crown post (shin-tsuka 真束), the beam brackets or ledges called makura-gi (枕木, lit. ‘pillow timber’, i.e. ‘sleeper’), rising beams (nobori-bari 登り梁), longitudinal apex beam (ji-mune 地棟), purlins or underpurlins (moya 母屋) and common rafters (taruki 棰).
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/12/24/japanese-minka-xxxiii-beam-framing-7
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2024-01-05
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A typical example of honya-date construction showing the jо̄ya (上屋), which consists of the inner, taller jо̄ya posts (jо̄ya-bashira 上屋柱) and transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁) that support the principal rafter framing (sasu-gumi 扠首組); and the geya (下屋), which consists of the outer, shorter perimeter geya posts (geya-bashira 下屋柱) and associated wall plates (keta 桁), which support the common rafters (taruki 棰) and roof covering that extend past the external wall plane to form the eaves. Note the principal rafters (sasu 扠首) have pointed ends which terminate at the junction between the koya-gumi and the longitudinal beam known as the kusa-keta (草桁, lit. ‘grass beam’).
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Two examples of soya-date construction: orioki-gumi (折置組) framing on the left, and kyо̄ro-gumi (京呂組) framing on the right.
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On the left, the Furui house showing geya and jо̄ya posts connected with tsunagi-nuki (繋貫). On the right, an example from the Tо̄hoku region where the jо̄ya posts have been replaced with roof posts (tsuka) that bear on a pair of inclined beams (orioki 折置), which frees up the interior. Orioki framing (ori-oki-gumi 折置組) refers to the framing system where the transverse beams sit directly on the external wall posts, and the wall plates are above and supported on the transverse beams.
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An example of orioki-gumi framing where the jо̄ya post is replaced by a short roof post (tsuka 束) that bears on the lower transverse beam (koya-bari 小屋梁) and supports the upper transverse beam and upper longitudinal beam (jо̄ya-geta 上屋桁) of a two-tiered beam system.
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Examples of honya-date minka from the Kantо̄ region. On the left, an example of the structural style known as shikata-geya-zukuri (四方下屋造り lit. ‘four direction geya construction’) with six transverse posts. On the left, a style from the same region known as odachi-zukuri (おだち造り) where some of the obstructive internal posts can be omitted by the use of longer, curved transverse beams. The odachi is the crown post that supports the ridgepole and common rafters (taruki 棰); note that there are no principal rafters (sasu 扠首) in this system.
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Examples of honya-date minka from the Chūgoku region. In the example on the right, the internal post is offset to the right in order to create a larger unobstructed space on the left; in the example on the left, the internal post is omitted altogether by the use of a large central longitudinal beam (nakabiki-hari 中引梁).
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Section of a small minka on Amami О̄shima (whose unique minka are discussed in last week’s post). The construction method shown here is called sasuya-zukuri (さすや造り), where the principal rafters (here called sashiki さしき) bear directly and only on the wall plates (hon-geta 本桁) without any intermediate roof posts, beams or ties. A single tier of transverse beams called kyakuro (きゃくろ), of the same dimension as the posts, serve as both beams and head rails for the sliding partitions. The method is unusual in that there are inner and outer posts, but the common rafters terminate at the same point as the principal rafters, indicating that this is a suya-date (素家建て) rather than honya-date (本家建て) construction, as it lacks a geya.
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Example of a gasshо̄-zukuri style minka showing a massive curved beam (chо̄na-bari ちょうな梁) on the right, spanning from the internal post to the external wall post (geya-bashira 下屋柱), allowing the omission of the internal jо̄ya post (jо̄ya-bashira 上屋柱), here called the chakuro-bashira (ちゃくろ柱).
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Photograph taken during rethatching of a gasshо̄-zukuri minka, showing the curved transverse beam (chо̄na-bari ちょうな梁) bearing on the longitudinal wall plate (keta 桁) and geya post.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/12/21/japanese-minka-xxxii-beam-framing-6
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2023-12-31
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - BEAM FRAMING 6 - Make it stand out
A hikimun-zukuri minka on Amami О̄shima.
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Drawings and photographs of the hikimun-zukuri framing system.
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Drawing showing how the hikimun (ヒキムン) fit over the stepped jо̄ya-bashira (上屋柱) posts. The posts drop into the floor beams (neda ネダ) in a similar way, but pegged below the beams. The assembly has an almost toy-like appeal in its simplicity.
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Section drawing of the Nakamura House, Amami О̄shima. This hikimun-zukuri structure has a distinct division between jо̄ya and geya, but in this example there is a curved hikimun beam spanning the full distance between perimeter geya posts.
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Detail photograph of the Hikimun-zukuri construction of the Nakamura House. The post (hashira 柱) steps down in section as it rises; the wide hikimun (ひきむん) and kakure-hikimun (かくれひきむん) longitudinal and transverse beams are dropped onto the post from above. At the top of the post are the transverse sasu-uke-bari (扠首受梁) beams and the hon-geta (本桁) wall plates supporting the principal rafters (sashiki さしき) and common rafters (kichi きち). Note that in this example the principal rafter doesn’t directly bear on the sasu-uke-bari, but is offset to the left.
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Section drawing of the Furumi House, Amami О̄shima. An example of hikimun-zukuri construction where there is a transverse hikimun at the upper jо̄ya level but not at the uchi-nori level, where there is only a relatively shallow . The bulkheads (ari-kabe 蟻壁 or 有壁) above the kamoi consist of single wide planks of Japanese cedar (sugi, Cryptomeria japonica)
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Photographic detail of the beam framing of the Furumi House.
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Diagrammatised drawing of the photograph above. There are longitudinal and transverse hikimun (ひきむん) at uchi-nori height (内法高) and the transverse hikmun at this location is grooved to take sliding partitions; this is in contrast to the section drawing above, where there is only a kamoi and nageshi with no transverse hikimun. Above the transverse hikimun is a timber board (hame-ita 羽目板) bulkhead (ari-kabe 有壁) and above that are the ceiling boards (tenjо̄-ita 天井板). Above the ceiling are the kakutre-hikimun (かくれひきむん) beams, then at the top of the post the longitudinal ‘wall plate’ (hon-keta ほんけた) and transverse common rafter bearing beam (sasu-uke-bari 扠首受梁).
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A taka-kura on Hachijо̄-jima.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXII - BEAM FRAMING 6 - Make it stand out
The same taka-kura as above from a different angle.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/12/15/japanese-minka-xxxi
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0.5
2023-12-20
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - BEAM FRAMING 5 - Make it stand out
A very refined example of an iri-gawa 入側 in a relatively modern traditional building.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - BEAM FRAMING 5 - Make it stand out
Diagrammatic example of a five post (go-yaku 五役) gable-entry, front doma (mae-doma-gata 前土間型) minka.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXXI - BEAM FRAMING 5 - Make it stand out
A photograph of the interior a ‘five post’ (go-yaku) minka, looking towards the naka-bashira post in the raised floor zashiki. The central longitudinal beam (ushi-bari) runs from the naka-bashira post on the left off to the ushi-bashira (丑柱) post outside the frame on the right. Bearing on the ushi-bari is the transverse beam here labelled komo-kake-bari (菰掛梁), in contradiction to the diagrammatic plan above, where it is labelled norikoshi-hari (乗越梁) and komo-kake-bari is given as an alternative name for the ushi-bari. In any case, sitting on the beam can be seen a rolled-up komo (Zizania latifolia) mat, from which the beam takes its name. Dimly in the background can be seen the keta-uke-bari (桁受梁) beam running parallel to the ushi-bari. The plastered infill wall in the plane of the naka-bashira is the bulkhead between two rooms, supported on a lintel beam (sashi-gamoi) with sliding partitions below (both unseen); also in the plane of the bulkhead can be seen two roof posts (tsuka-bashira) bearing on the lintel beam and supporting an upper transverse beam. This beam, together with the beams above the ushi-bari and keta-uke-bari, form a second, upper tier of beams that support the floor of an attic storey with a bamboo floor. Just visible at the right of the image, behind the ushi-bari, is a ladder leading up to this storey.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/12/11/japanese-minka-xxx-beam-framing-4
monthly
0.5
2023-12-15
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An example of hon-goya framing, with many tiers of beams and ties.
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An example of waku no uchi zukuri framing.
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A waku no uchi zukuri (枠の内造り) structure showing a massive longitudinal beam (ushimon うしもん or 丑物) bearing on a daikoku-bashira post that looks slender in comparison, and cross beams (harimamon 梁間物).
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The waku no uchi zukuri (枠の内造り) structure with various members labelled: the deep lintel beams (hiramon ひらもん, here ヒラモン), roof posts (tsuka 束, here ツカ), and two tiers of penetrating ties (nuki 貫, here ヌキ). Crossing the space are two longitudinal beams (ushimon うしもん) and two transverse beams, with a ‘hollow’ centre, indicating this as an igeta-gumi (井桁組) construction.
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This atypical example shows four equal ushimon longitudinal beams, two bearing on main posts and two on roof posts that are in turn supported on the hiramon lintel beam, and a single harimamon cross-beam.
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An eight-mat ‘living’ or ‘gathering’ room (hiroma or oe)
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/12/7/japanese-minka-xxix
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2023-12-07
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - BEAM FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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A longitudinal beam (ji-mune) supported on a short, deep balance beam (tenbin-bari) tenoned into two posts in the plane of the gable wall.
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Photograph showing a) balance beam (tenbin-bari), b) longitudinal beam (ji-mune), and c) ridge pole (muna-gi).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - BEAM FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
Multiple bent ushi-bari bearing on a long beam at right.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - BEAM FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
On the left, a simple longitudinal beam (ji-mune 地棟) framing system, with a single central ji-mune (either a nakabiki-bari 中引梁 or an ushi-bari 丑梁) supporting a single layer of continuous-span transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁). On the right, a more complex system where in addition to the koya-bari there is a lower layer of transverse beams called shiki-bari (敷梁, lit. ‘spreader beam’) or uke-bari (受梁 lit. ‘receiving beam’), tenoned into the posts, that support intermediate longitudinal beams (either ushi-bari or tobihari 飛梁).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - BEAM FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
A framing system with two layers of transverse beams, as in the previous example, and two layers of longitudinal beams: the ue-ushi or uwa-ushi (上丑, lit. ‘upper ox (beam)’) and shita-ushi (下丑, lit. ‘lower ox (beam)’). The lowest transverse ‘beams’ are sashi-kamoi (差鴨居), head rails with grooved soffits to receive sliding room partitions.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIX - BEAM FRAMING 3 - Make it stand out
A framing system with a tenbin-bari (天秤梁) supported on twin posts, and supporting the central longitudinal beam (here labelled as an ushi-bari (丑梁), indicating that it runs over the earth-floored doma part of the minka. Riding on the ushi-bari are inclined beams called nagekake-bari (投掛梁, lit. ‘throw beam’) or agari-ki (上り木, lit. ‘rising timber’). Lower tenoned beams called tsunagi-bari or tsuna-bari (繋梁, lit. ‘tie beam’) tie the inner and perimeter posts together.
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Photograph showing a balance beam (tenbin-bari) supported on two posts, and supporting a (ji-mune) and two inclined beams (nagekake-bari or agari-ki). This example differs from the one shown in the section diagram above in that the tenbin-bari sits on the heads of the posts rather than being tenoned into their sides, and the nagekake-bari do not bear on the ji-mune and terminate short of it rather than being joined above it; they are supported only on the tenbin-bari.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/11/25/5hv64qwqn6giwemn8gsn2dqaotqrdy
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2023-12-07
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
The simplest form of roof framing, sasu-gumi (扠首組) or ‘principal rafter framing’, consisting of paired principal rafters and single-span transverse beams between opposing external walls, and no longitudinal beams. The example on the left is orioki-gumi (折置組) framing with the wall plates above the beams, on the right is kyо̄ro-gumi (京呂組) framing with the wall plates below the beams.
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A simple example of a cross-framing (jūji-gumi 十字組 or igeta-gumi 井桁組) system, with a central intermediate post bearing a longitudinal beam (nakabiki-bari 中引梁, here an ushi-bari 丑梁). The transverse beams (koya-bari 小屋梁) are carried on top of the longitudinal beam and wall plates (keta 桁), making this an example of kyо̄ro-gumi (京呂組) framing.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
An example of ‘cross framing’ (jūji-gumi 十字組 or igeta-gumi 井桁組). Shown are: the daikoku post (daikoku-bashira 大黒柱); the transverse beams (the full-width koya-bari 小屋梁 and the half-width nagekake-bari 投掛梁, lit. ‘throw beam’); the wall plates or wall beams (keta generally, here named noki-geta 軒桁 ‘eave plate’ in the longitudinal wall plane and the tsuma-bari 妻梁, ‘gable plate’ in the gable wall plane); the longitudinal beams (ji-mune 地棟), namely the ushi-bari 丑梁 over the doma and the nakabiki-bari 中引梁over the zashiki; and the and tobi-hari (lit. ‘flying beam’) secondary beams.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
The various methods of forming the junction between post, wall plate, and transverse beam. From top to bottom: orioki-gumi (折置組), kyо̄ro-gumi-kabuto-ari (京呂組兜蟻), kyо̄ro-gumi-watari-ago (京呂組渡り腮) . and sashi-zuke (差付け).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A more detailed comparison of orioki-gumi 折置組 (top) and kyо̄ro-gumi 京呂組 (bottom) methods.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d9315535-5278-494f-b3fb-25ca706683ec/joints.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Diagram of the basic joints in Japanese joinery. First column, first row is the ari (蟻) or dovetail joint; first column, third row is the ai-kaki (相欠き) or cross-lapped joint.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
A partly dismantled orioki-gumi framed minka showing the exposed stacked or stepped tenon (kasane-hozo 重ねホゾ) at the top of the post.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVIII - BEAM FRAMING 2 - Make it stand out
Example of orioki framing with the transverse beam set directly on top of the head of the post, and a relatively slender wall plate set on top of the beam. A large longitudinal beam can be seen in the foreground, bearing the main transverse beam and a smaller ‘throw beam’.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/11/21/japanese-minka-xxvii
monthly
0.5
2023-12-23
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - BEAM FRAMING - Make it stand out
The thatched roof dominates the exterior elevation of this relatively modest minka.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - BEAM FRAMING - Make it stand out
Sectional diagrams illustrating the differences between sasu-gumi (top) and wagoya-gumi (bottom) roof framing. In the former, the principal rafters (sasu 扠首) bear on the beams as closely as possible to their ends at the wall posts and wall beams (keta 桁). The sasu carry the underpurlins (yanaka 屋中), which in turn carry the common rafters (taruki 垂木 or 棰). In the latter, the beams support various posts (tsuka 束) at intermediate points; on these posts are carried the underpurlins (moya 母屋) and ridgepole (munagi 棟木) which carry the common rafters.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVII - BEAM FRAMING - Make it stand out
A magnificent example of wa-goya roof framing, showing beams running in both directions, arched beams, stacked beams, supporting posts, penetrating ties, principal rafters, underpurlins, and rafters.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/11/18/vernacular-pictures-17
monthly
0.5
2023-11-18
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 17: CORRUGATED LANESCAPES - Make it stand out
Rear of a modern unit development with ubiquitous ‘fence profile’ colorbond fence.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/11/6/japanese-minka-xxvi-daikoku-posts-2
monthly
0.5
2024-11-06
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - DAIKOKU POSTS 2 - Make it stand out
The daikoku-bashira is much wider than the sills and beams tenoned into it. In this case, the solution adopted is to shift the daikoku-bashira off its axes towards the doma, so that the faces of the post on the zashiki side are aligned with the inner edges of the sills, allowing the tatami mats to remain regular rectangles in shape. This method suggests that the minka is of relatively recent construction.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - DAIKOKU POSTS 2 - Make it stand out
Three examples of the different positions daikoku-bashira can take in different minka types. The first plan is a regular four-room layout (seigata-yon-madori 制型４間取り) with three principal posts: one at the intersection of the four raised-floor rooms, one at the edge or the raised floor and the earthen-floored doma (どま), and one in the doma at the corner of the stable (umaya 厩). The second is a ‘divided ridge’ (buntо̄-gata 分棟型) layout, with a single daikoku-bashira towards the rear of the earth-floored ‘cookhouse’ (kamaya 釜屋) near the oven/stove (kamado 釜土), indicated as two circles inside a rectangle. The dashed parallel vertical lines indicate the box gutter between the two roofs. The third is a ‘Yamato ridge construction’ (yamato-mune-zukuri 大和棟造り) layout.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - DAIKOKU POSTS 2 - Make it stand out
A daikoku-bashira (here called a niwa-daikoku 庭大黒) standing in the middle of the doma (here called the niwa 庭). The beams tenoned into it support at least two mezzanine levels.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - DAIKOKU POSTS 2 - Make it stand out
View of the cooking area of a doma. In the foreground is the niwa-daikoku, towards the rear is the mizu-daikoku or kama-daikoku. These posts support a mezzanine floor (chū-ni-kai 中二階) between them for storage.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXVI - DAIKOKU POSTS 2 - Make it stand out
Image of a ‘divided-ridge’ type (buntо̄-gata 分棟型) minka showing the ‘passage’ area of the doma where the main house to the left and cookhouse to the right meet; above is a box gutter linking the eaves of the two roofs, supported by a short stump on a beam tenoned into the daikoku-bashira standing next to the oven/stove (kama or kamado 釜 or 釜) in the ‘cookhouse’ (kamaya 釜屋). Here the daikoku-bashira is called an ue-bashira or uwa-bashira (上柱). Note that there is no principal post in the main house. This layout corresponds to the third plan in the examples depicted above.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/11/4/japanese-minka-xxv-daikoku-posts
monthly
0.5
2023-11-04
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXV - DAIKOKU POSTS - Make it stand out
A massive daikoku-bashira at the boundary of the doma and the raised floor, with deep beams tenoned into it on all four sides.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXV - DAIKOKU POSTS - Make it stand out
A man squatting next to a daikoku-bashira, giving a sense of its dimensions. Various beams with their long, deep tenons are also shown.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXV - DAIKOKU POSTS - Make it stand out
A deep sashigamoi spanning two ken between rooms, tenoned into a daikoku-bashira on the left. The tracks cut into the sashigamoi to receive sliding partitions (removed) are visible in its soffit.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/10/27/japanese-minka-xxiv-udatsu-posts
monthly
0.5
2023-11-03
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIV - UDATSU POSTS - Make it stand out
An ancient haniwa (terracotta figures made from the 3rd - 6th century AD) of a building, with a stout udatsu supporting the ridge.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIV - UDATSU POSTS - Make it stand out
Diagram of a gabled roof. The hafu (破風) part of the gable wall (tsuma 妻) is highlighted in blue.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIV - UDATSU POSTS - Make it stand out
An interior view of the third storey of a three-storey minka, showing two interior udatsu-bashira running up from the floor below and supporting the ridge pole above.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIV - UDATSU POSTS - Make it stand out
A gable-roofed building in Yamanashi Prefecture with a slender happо̄-udatsu post running from the ground to the ridge, bisecting the central openings on the upper floors. The beams are tenoned and wedged into the post.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/10/20/japanese-minka-xxiii-forked-posts
monthly
0.5
2023-11-03
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIII - FORKED POSTS - Make it stand out
Mata-gi bashira supporting the ridge pole on a primitive open-walled structure.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIII - FORKED POSTS - Make it stand out
The massive mata-gi bashira in the Takano House
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIII - FORKED POSTS - Make it stand out
Mata-gi bashira in the Hirakawa House.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXIII - FORKED POSTS - Make it stand out
Another mata-gi bashira in the Hirakawa House. The front ‘leg’ seems to have been cut off at the crotch and supports a large transverse beam. The rear leg remains and supports a smaller beam at a higher level. Note also the large natural concavity on the left-hand side of the post
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/10/14/japanese-minka-xxii-post-modules
monthly
0.5
2023-10-14
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
A renovated minka showing the tracks cut into the floor beams or bearers (ōbiki) and sills (shikii) to take the sliding room partitions, now mostly removed.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
Image showing the shikii threshold between two tatami rooms and the tatami-yose at the base of the half-timbered walls.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
A 1 x 1 ken, two-mat room with 90 x 90mm posts on the edo-ma or inaka-ma module.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
A 2 x 2 ken, eight-mat room with 90 x 90mm posts on the edo-ma or inaka-ma module.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
A 1 x 1 ken, two-mat room with 90 x 90mm posts on the chū-kyō-ma module.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXII - POST MODULES - Make it stand out
A 2 x 2 ken, eight-mat room with 90 x 90mm posts on the chū-kyō-ma module.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/10/7/japanese-minka-xxi-posts-2
monthly
0.5
2023-10-07
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXI - POST ARRANGEMENT - Make it stand out
The type of roof structure (koya 小屋) shown here, known as Wa-goya, ‘Japanese roof framing’, is still in common use. Three transverse roof beams (koya-bari 小屋梁) can be seen. Note that there is no post under the end of the middle koya-bari, indicating this to be a modern example of the Wa-goya. Diagonal bracing, in both vertical and horizontal planes, is also something not typically seen in traditional minka roof framing.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXI - POST ARRANGEMENT - Make it stand out
Post layout plan of the Furui residence showing the inner ring of jо̄-ya posts at one ken spacing, the outer ring of ge-ya posts at both half ken and one ken spacing, posts at internal partitions, and one free-standing post in the centre of the niwa (にわ).
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXI - POST ARRANGEMENT - Make it stand out
Photograph of the Furui residence showing the free-standing post in the middle of the niwa.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XXI - POST ARRANGEMENT - Make it stand out
Transverse section through a minka showing the inner taller jо̄-ya posts supporting the sasu-gumi (note the sasu with pointed ends terminating at the junction between the koya-gumi and jо̄-ya bashira) and the outer shorter ge-ya posts at the external walls supporting only the rafters and roof covering.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/9/23/japanese-minka-xx-posts
monthly
0.5
2023-09-30
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
Timber columns (with entasis) at Hōryū-ji, Nara Prefecture, 8th century.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
Timber posts in a modern Japanese post-and-beam house under construction. The vertical members are temporary bracing.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
A massive 240mm square hinoki (Japanese cypress) post (or column?) in a new traditional-style house.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
A traditional Japanese ‘half-timbered’ wall under construction, showing posts, ground sills or ground beams, wall beams, three intermediate penetrating ties, and an infill of split bamboo wattle, before the application of the daub.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
Close-up view of penetrating ties (nuki) wedged into through-mortises in the posts.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
A European half-timbered building, showing diagonal bracing and ‘quasi-truss’ elements.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XX - POSTS - Make it stand out
A Japanese half-timbered temple building with no diagonal bracing elements.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/9/22/japanese-minka-xix
monthly
0.5
2023-09-22
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e6335bee-e06b-41cd-9741-9010b24e73ce/daineda.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIX - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 3 - Make it stand out
Floor framing showing large-section, beam-like bearers with few or no stumps supporting them, notched out to receive thick joists, which have been removed in this image.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bc0e8528-5d72-44f9-ae95-3992260c2d15/NEDARESU+1.png
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIX - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 3 - Make it stand out
On the left: standard modern Japanese floor framing consisting of bearers-joists-floorboards. On the right, a recent innovation, ‘joistless’ construction: thick structural plywood sheets laid directly on bi-directional bearers.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/9/8/japanese-minka-xvii-floor-structure-2-raised-floors-2
monthly
0.5
2023-09-14
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/40c37d95-6cbd-418f-a791-0b7cf52c56f3/Sugaki+1.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVIII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
A bamboo sugaki-yuka with an inset irori hearth. From the Kawano house, originally in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, first half of the 17th century.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/55ada0cd-1b5b-4112-afac-a2ee02f2b658/sugaki+2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVIII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
A bamboo sugaki-yuka partly overlaid with mushiro.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0a5ed087-bf64-4744-9d77-058aaa8ae050/Gasshou+1.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVIII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Exterior view of gasshо̄-zukuri minka in Gifu Prefecture.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/022c9272-7ff0-49fd-93b3-f8ff8c26f1d3/gashou+4.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVIII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior of a gasshо̄-zukuri showing a timber lattice floor.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/318ed2c6-f014-4dc5-9bdd-7366ca98f24d/Gasshou+3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVIII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Interior of a gasshо̄-zukuri showing a bamboo lattice floor.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/9/8/japanese-minka-xvii-floor-structure-2-raised-floors
monthly
0.5
2023-09-14
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
Diagram showing the elements of modern Japanese floor construction.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a32eb107-10ba-4b10-8b53-881ad3218e98/oga.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
A print from the 1830s depicting men cutting a large section timber with an oga.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/73191d46-9f01-4843-9c61-feb33ffbbaeb/chouna1.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
Finishing boards with chо̄na.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/03efc5db-92d2-4d4b-b556-e0cbdfddfcbb/chouna2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
Squaring off a log with a chо̄na.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/70589561-d20a-4ffd-a016-b6432e93f63d/yariganna.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
Finishing a timber with a yari-ganna.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a0899fe3-c755-4e22-9dab-0224582cf51c/chouna3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVII - FLOOR STRUCTURE 2: RAISED FLOORS - Make it stand out
Floorboards with a chо̄na finish.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/8/25/japanese-minka-xvi-floor-structures
monthly
0.5
2023-09-02
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/90e6b4a5-abf7-4054-8a9e-509b1219e43c/DOZAsumai.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVI - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Doza-sumai. The earthen floors are covered with woven straw mats called mushiro.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ffec7fda-8cd4-4f0b-92cc-12520db24d84/rice+husks.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVI - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Rice husks, momi-gara.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/81334cc7-e9d3-432d-97a6-9df26c4ebef1/doza1.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVI - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
A raised doza or taka-doza-yuka.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1d56262a-051b-4546-8b26-57de2ec156de/doza3.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVI - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
Lifting the tatami and mushiro to reveal the raised earthen floor or taka-doza-yuka below, which is built right up to the underside of the sliding door sill (shikii, 敷居). There is no thick underlay of husks or straw; the mushiro is laid directly on the earth and serves as the underlay.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/919abadf-3bf1-4c65-bfba-05a4438bf037/doza2.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XVI - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 2 - Make it stand out
The raised earthen floor seen from the exterior of the minka, again showing how it is built up to the level of the underside of the shikii.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/8/25/japanese-minka-xv-floor-structure-1-earthen-floors
monthly
0.5
2023-08-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2ab9ec75-9672-4869-9356-2f69054c7568/DOZA+4+%E3%82%80%E3%81%97%E3%82%8D.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XV - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 1 - Make it stand out
Image showing an earthen-floored doma in the foreground, in the midground the doza-yuka living area, spread with mushiro mats and separated from the doma by a timber sill, and in the background a taka-yuka raised-floor area separated from the doza-yuka by sliding partitions.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7bd056e6-37cb-4f21-8ed7-43a6f8256323/DOZA+3+%E5%BA%83%E7%80%AC%E5%AE%B6%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XV - FLOOR STRUCTURE 1: EARTHEN FLOORS 1 - Make it stand out
The same minka, here showing the doma with its posts set directly on foundation stones.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/8/19/japanese-minka-xiv-the-ground-sill
monthly
0.5
2023-08-19
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ed51cd57-d6e5-4327-beea-9300e13bdb76/dodai2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
Image showing dodai resting on foundation stones below and supporting posts above.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7136778e-0084-49c4-9f9f-2704d9c2d2de/nagahozo.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
Three types of post-groundsill joint: on the left, a long nagahozo tenon and through-mortise; in the middle, the same but with the addition of a peg through the tenon; on the right, a stub tenon (tan-hozo) and reinforcing steel t-plate.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/401bdfa0-c0b6-45aa-a19e-f3af29b4205b/dodai.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
Close-up showing the peg (komi-sen) pinning the tenoned post into the mortised dodai.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/041ddd43-c7b5-4fbd-afda-2456bbf9fd72/sashi+ishi.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
Sashi-ishi or nozoki-ishi used to infill the gap between the dodai and the ground.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/99a377ac-624e-4765-8436-0e359ea68bb7/nunokiso.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
A dodai (a) bearing on a continuous nuno-ishi stone dressed stone foundation (b).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d878de0d-1990-47eb-82f3-2d4babbad5dd/dodai3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
A modern dodai bearing on a reinforced concrete foundation, and between them a recent innovation: a continuous perforated synthetic strip serving dual purpose as both a damp-proof course and a ‘vent’ providing the necessary airflow to the subfloor space.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/571af5cb-cb5e-48da-a8f1-2ac80407e04b/nuki.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIV - THE GROUND SILL - Make it stand out
Image showing posts founded on individual foundation stones and structurally tied together by the addition of a nuki run through mortises in the posts. Note that the post in the foreground has had its rotten base cut off and replaced - a relatively simple operation which can be done without disturbing any of the other posts.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/8/6/japanese-minka-xiii-foundations-3
monthly
0.5
2023-08-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/42380834-528b-48c6-b6a0-ea862ab51068/post+4.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIII - FOUNDATIONS 3 - Make it stand out
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIII - FOUNDATIONS 3 - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4bc6c854-88bc-41c6-9433-e384e612059a/post.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIII - FOUNDATIONS 3 - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/16e77520-9af1-4c0c-b8af-d559157c2116/soseki+9.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XIII - FOUNDATIONS 3 - Make it stand out
A carpenter, inkpot in hand, using a split-bamboo compass to transfer the profile of the foundation stone to one of the faces of the post.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/8/6/japanese-minka-xii-foundations-2
monthly
0.5
2023-08-06
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/354833f6-3d05-46d9-a431-536a4e17195e/soseki+10.jpeg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
Natural, unworked river stones used as post foundations in a minka.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/00a26723-20fa-4601-86c8-b18eeb06875c/soseki+8.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
Another example, here below a raised floor.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/207966ea-e8e1-4a6c-b427-00e62f641d92/SOSEKI+1.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
A foundation stone, presumably in a temple, with its ‘column seat' worked into a disc shape.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/113c5d77-630e-45c7-b5c0-bb025d0c5906/SOSEKI+4.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
Various methods of founding stones on wariguri-ishi. Top: an isolated timber post on a foundation stone. Bottom left: a continuous timber groundsill on intermittent foundation stones. Bottom right: a continuous timber groundsill on a continuous dressed stone strip footing.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3c8a1baf-825a-4286-a816-9c4443f58b67/SOSEKI+2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
An illustration of the various implements used for foundation compaction.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b548aa5a-6d75-4934-a93b-b57d86322092/pounding.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XII - FOUNDATIONS 2 - Make it stand out
Approximately 40 villagers engaged in ‘pole trunk pounding’ or shinboutou-tsuki of a stone foundation.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/7/28/japanese-minka-xi
monthly
0.5
2023-07-29
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/669c3615-c762-4d53-8f55-ccd70d034d7f/horidate.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
An archaeological dig showing post-holes of horidate-bashira dwellings
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3899e8ad-b163-4ff0-9a4c-f74b87ec1970/horidate+2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
Horidate-bashira on the left, posts on foundation stones on the right.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/18737bbe-e9a1-4af9-bc52-eaa0447119a0/horidate+3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
Diagram showing how a rotted-out horidate-bashira could be ‘upgraded’ to incorporate a foundation stone while retaining the healthy above-ground section of the post.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/da41cfd2-bea1-4d8b-9a66-3c0c53c3a861/egawa+6.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
The iki-bashira of the former Egawa Tarouzaemon residence in Izu Nirayama.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/68b00736-befe-4650-8cf6-a3d2ba67ea5e/egawa+1.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
View of the doma and roof structure of the former Egawa Tarouzaemon residence, with iki-bashira at back right.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0c023322-145e-4d1f-a389-74bd57a739e5/egawa+2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
Another view of the iki-bashira and roof structure
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/993d51ee-aa09-4a66-b3d4-6f58a4ef1cf3/egawa+3a.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA XI - FOUNDATIONS 1 - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Egawa Tarouzaemon residence indicating the position of the iki-bashira.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/7/22/floor-to-wall-ratios
monthly
0.5
2023-07-22
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6af5cbf9-9c36-4566-9b98-fc76fe9acfe7/home+cost.JPG
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
A typical example of the kind of cost per area table of used in cost estimates. The ‘Low’ figures represent a no-frills, volume-built house with the cheapest finishes and fixtures, and the ‘High’ figures indicate a custom, architect-designed house with high-quality fixtures and finishes.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d371d482-2952-4edc-8a67-18917855a70b/AREAS+square.jpg
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/413272fd-8ee9-4021-9605-23cc6984a166/AREAS+rec.jpg
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/628b581b-b240-4739-8f4e-49b3d6598d82/AREAS+court.jpg
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/05fa3dc5-609e-4b00-a3e5-b7770f1a1706/AREAS+artic.jpg
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/52e3edb2-b75a-4d29-bc7b-71309bfea3f2/AREAS+circle.jpg
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7e844824-a16f-4739-8a40-6d868d15caef/metricon.JPG
BLOG - FLOOR TO WALL RATIOS - Make it stand out
A ‘fat’ plan typical of most volume-built houses.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/7/12/vernacular-pictures-16-oars
monthly
0.5
2023-07-17
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ba7ead86-b7c9-462e-8394-b87a020f2dff/oar+3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 16: OARS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 16: OARS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/dd27c625-4d62-424d-9ab5-ed44dca00e26/oar+sanborn.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 16: OARS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f713e34c-e32b-4e60-ac46-8a5f3aa3c21f/oar+51.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 16: OARS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/7/1/japanese-minka-x
monthly
0.5
2023-07-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d2410579-ea3b-4cb6-a583-298011ddc046/nakae+3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA X - TWO RIDGE MINKA - Make it stand out
Example of a ie-nakae secchaku minka with the ridges of each building arranged at right angles to each other.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d3174394-3ad4-48bc-be84-8a056984315d/nakae+5.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA X - TWO RIDGE MINKA - Make it stand out
Map showing the distribution of various configurations of ie-nakae secchaku minka on the Satsuma Peninsular, southern Kyushu
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9ed1dc8c-d3b8-4fdc-887a-af174eaec89b/nakae+4.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA X - TWO RIDGE MINKA - Make it stand out
Ie-nakae secchaku minka, showing the box gutter and infill wall where the two buildings meet. The box gutter is a combination of old and new: the (presumably original) technique of split bamboo cleverly lashed together into a kind of Spanish tile arrangement, with the upper convex ‘capping’ sections of bamboo directing water into the lower concave ‘gutter’ sections; and the modern addition of cheap and timesaving sheet metal to make the old bamboo waterproof rather than replace it.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/6/25/japanese-minka-ix
monthly
0.5
2023-07-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8668e76e-af59-4375-a19b-1200085e05b4/tohoku.png
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
A map of the Touhoku region, showing modern prefectures by colour and principal cities.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2669a42e-35d1-44f1-8607-a5ec74c76de6/nanbu+magariya.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
A grand example of a nanbu magari-ya, the former Fujiwara residence, Iwate Prefecture. The photo is taken from the west, showing the umaya wing to the rear right, and the omoya in the foreground. The two dark openings in the umaya volume are the main entrance to the niwa (left) and the umaya entrance (right).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a9c3ab55-e53d-4028-8848-721ea2f058fd/nanbu+magariya2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Fujiwara residence, showing the stable wing (umaya) at the bottom (south).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/11de89a9-d005-49b8-90ab-d16da2baf05c/chuumonzukuri3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
A thatch-walled chuumon-zukuri magari-ya, the former Yamada residence.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Yamada residence.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2bd87e77-fc5d-4037-8915-bb39ff1d6deb/chuumonzukuri+satou+residence.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
Chuumon-zukuri with a sculpted thatch umaya: the former Satou residence in Niigata Prefecture.
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IX - L-PLAN MINKA - Make it stand out
Floor plan of the former Satou residence
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/6/24/japanese-minka-viii
monthly
0.5
2023-07-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1b3b7b17-10c8-4d41-b127-f830792368d1/minka+map.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VIII - DISTRIBUTION - Make it stand out
Kawashima’s map showing the distribution of minka types across Japan (excluding Hokkaido)
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/28e6c9ac-bdc6-474b-9722-d4aa86b29398/minka+map+legend.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VIII - DISTRIBUTION - Make it stand out
The map’s legend enlarged
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/6/11/green-building-part-two-implications
monthly
0.5
2023-06-16
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686949065251-4YLVZRQMNNGQJ8NEXJF3/subdivision.JPG
BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART TWO: IMPLICATIONS - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/6/3/green-building-part-one-concepts
monthly
0.5
2023-06-11
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/35c26d99-054d-4710-a26b-ec6b49d3f05b/ellul.jpg
BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART ONE: CONCEPTS - Make it stand out
Jacques Ellul
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BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART ONE: CONCEPTS - Make it stand out
William Stanley Jevons
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BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART ONE: CONCEPTS - Make it stand out
Joseph Tainter
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BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART ONE: CONCEPTS - Make it stand out
Carl Sprengel
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c51b5435-ea9e-42b6-9fe7-d378ae36e97f/2CV.jpg
BLOG - GREEN BUILDING PART ONE: CONCEPTS - Make it stand out
The Citroen 2CV
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/6/3/national-construction-code-2022
monthly
0.5
2023-06-03
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/970b9dda-ea1a-4f25-a9c6-5fdc5306db4c/ncc1.jpg
BLOG - THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION CODE 2022 - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/5/27/chinese-vernacular-dwellings-iv
monthly
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2023-05-27
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a55e347d-7f6b-47f9-bcca-f591a9a1e79e/chin+court.jpg
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS IV - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/5/20/chinese-vernacular-dwellings-iii
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0.5
2023-05-26
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a9210f07-3557-43ec-9792-6bf0930495d9/chin3.jpg
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS III - Make it stand out
Elevations showing a range of tángwū, from the simplest three-bay pattern all the way up to nine and eleven bay examples.
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BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS III - Make it stand out
Cutaway perspective of a tángwū, showing the central táng ‘living’ area and wòshì ‘bedrooms’ to either side of it.
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BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS III - Make it stand out
Diagram illustrating the highly symmetrical form of the tángwū and the importance of the central axis.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/5/10/chinese-vernacular-dwellings-ii
monthly
0.5
2023-05-20
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7c448600-b940-4732-b168-bfa34dfa4153/Chi+fig+1.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 1
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6a83c9d1-a821-4248-80d1-6754e09b2bd9/Chi+fig+2.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 2
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9ad6f426-b506-4bb4-aace-9adf29597b79/Chi+fig+3.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 3
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bc3e59d4-0e16-40a8-8e90-361918d640e4/Chi+fig+4.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 4
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1ba93067-748e-4519-b778-2ac87377bb41/Chi+fig+5.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 5
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/77f14e2c-53fc-4dde-9349-d67483e0e5b3/Chi+fig+6.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 6
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/81c04439-bf03-4fca-8912-313888ba06fd/Chi+fig+7.JPG
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS II - Make it stand out
Fig. 7
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/5/6/aljvjjfm6gy6ppd8b92i40zp2x556k
monthly
0.5
2023-05-21
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6139c503-28bb-43b3-9fe1-aca5dd2449b3/chugoku1.jpg
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS I - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c74ac5a3-5953-4719-ad02-9ae3725318a9/chugoku3.jpg
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS I - Make it stand out
Bird’s eye view of a group of tulou.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bd819ad0-a868-480c-80ee-63bb33ff1229/chugoku4.jpg
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS I - Make it stand out
Interior courtyard and cantilevered balconies of a tulou.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d57d42fb-4a41-420a-83ab-509dfea6ce38/chugoku6.png
BLOG - CHINESE VERNACULAR DWELLINGS I - Make it stand out
Facade of a tulou. The massive earthen walls taper as they rise and slope inwards for stability. Note also the fortified elements: blind lower storeys and a stone-reinforced entrance.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/4/29/opposite-directions
monthly
0.5
2023-04-29
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d290b023-6bc0-4511-bff2-c2a902511320/IMG20230422090301.jpg
BLOG - OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS - Make it stand out
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BLOG - OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/4/22/the-ship-of-theseus-part-three
monthly
0.5
2023-04-22
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ff70cca7-fa2f-4d6f-be00-9e3baa287326/DelaneysHut.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
The original Delaneys Hut, built circa 1910, Kosciuszko National Park.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/62e46bdc-95c3-40bc-9fb8-c6652d57e110/delaneys2.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
The original Delaneys Hut after its destruction in 2003.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3fcb4b31-95f5-4d8f-8edd-5d970a50d419/delaneys3.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
Delaneys Hut during its first reconstruction.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5a3f8d89-24bc-4cc3-84ab-03f14d6fb14f/delaneys4.JPG
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
The first reconstruction. Note the horizontal rails to the timber slab chimney, reasonably faithful in design to the original.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6baea532-3874-405f-aba8-059f8c6b2d6c/delaneys5.JPG
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
The first Delaneys Hut reconstruction after its loss to fire in 2020.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d65432bf-fd5d-4aad-bc01-7a55dcbfb5c7/delaneys7.JPG
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
The second reconstruction of Delaneys Hut under construction, due to open to the public in April 2023. Note the fire-treated cladding and ridge-mounted sprinkler system.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d158cecd-bf8f-4157-bdd3-712605cc6f7f/delaneys8.JPG
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART THREE - Make it stand out
Another view of the second reconstruction. Note that the chimney now lacks horizontal rails, and has gained a cowl.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/4/16/the-ship-of-theseus-part-two
monthly
0.5
2023-04-16
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8bc77ba6-ecf3-4fa0-992c-b747d7d06a9d/corkman.JPG
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART TWO - Make it stand out
The Carlton Inn as it was in the early 20th century (1920s?).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3d21c3ed-de1a-41a8-aeff-66535a414e66/corkman-irish-pub.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART TWO - Make it stand out
The building in more recent years.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/30fd4f53-7ef6-4949-83c7-c099ca3fb6e3/corkman+demo.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART TWO - Make it stand out
The building during its demolition.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/780caa6b-e1cf-446a-ae0a-581f066fe870/corkman+park.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART TWO - Make it stand out
The ‘park’ that currently occupies the site.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/4/8/the-ship-of-theseus
monthly
0.5
2023-04-08
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7e1b2551-62c1-4dd3-a7a7-798cd124b1ae/27f04a13-ancient-boat-1536x864.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART ONE - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0625598d-1d89-4770-b3e0-4d7eea5785c0/ise-shrine-26.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART ONE - Make it stand out
Ise Grand Shrine buildings
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fa4db77b-cf7b-4eda-aca4-6a403297fa5a/ise-shrine-248.jpg
BLOG - THE SHIP OF THESEUS: PART ONE - Make it stand out
Aerial view of Ise Grand Shrine, showing extant buildings on the left and the vacant site awaiting the next reconstruction on the right.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/4/2/vernacular-pictures-15-jettying
monthly
0.5
2023-04-02
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d7fbed38-bd11-4f91-8d3d-8bbf5a70824d/photo_2023-03-25_18-32-31.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d4145a64-03d1-4ae3-88bf-6c37718f1a52/photo_2023-01-29_06-02-55.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1b151c60-139c-4a6e-b69a-93e1ed43910e/photo_2023-03-03_20-59-14.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f779ca42-1ceb-4ba1-9757-2f9199d12777/740424d026d87ce935139499cdc09421.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
A huge cantilever with structure exposed, showing how the whole volume constitutes a giant truss.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/dd61e41d-78a8-46fb-9b8d-480804637709/torreaguera-atresados.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f91e2f6c-cfbe-4b0a-9877-86e1f917bb4c/balancing-barn-mvrdv.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/319f2fec-e66e-46b0-931c-368bb8898d65/Living-Garden-House.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 15: JETTYING - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/3/25/00zt8pn4sy3rdcos35507nyk489gru
monthly
0.5
2023-03-25
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/58a509a3-c7d4-4ef1-b10e-85abef036bae/1204.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Fine example of an agemise folded up against the koushi of a machiya facade.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/51b9dbb2-6ee8-4d44-9f68-15b5de99a105/battari2.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Agemise folded up to form the lower half of the protection to the openings, with the upper half formed by folding shutters.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8aba64a6-779b-43af-af6c-0211f23eec36/battari.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Folded-down agemise showing their function as platforms for the display of goods, in this case books.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f4c2694b-3003-418b-90f5-80ae11e7ca09/src_20868457.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Lattice shitomi-do in the open position on a Buddhist temple building.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7e72a96f-249c-42bb-a9e6-263848823590/%E8%94%80%E3%80%80%E6%88%B8.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Rustic top-hung shutters propped open on a building in Okinawa.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a360505d-c356-428a-9586-00f58863e27e/ya58%5B1%5D.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
More refined example of top-hung shutters.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c6b2dcbb-1854-47aa-9a71-aef854e48ac7/src_33598923.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Top-hung shutter to a small unglazed window.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1679710542221-V711TQ0WGYIKBGY8JBML/photo_4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Looking out through half-opened shutters. This image illustrates another of the functions served by top-hung shutters: that of filtering or ‘muting’ the view.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7a93ef74-186c-4126-9c1d-7f5e55275692/src_59574052.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 14: AGEMISE AND SHITOMIDO - Make it stand out
Example showing agemise and top-hung shutters used in combination.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/3/17/vernacular-pictures-13-the-design-environment
monthly
0.5
2023-03-17
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2a487c0b-5cf4-44ba-9284-2c6eb9e6f79e/bollards.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
19th century bollards. Old cannon barrels were often used as bollards, and the design was so well liked that eventually bollards were purposely cast in this shape.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/79a13e71-20a1-4db4-9360-1e4155a12919/bollard.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
Modern bollards.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bfce6627-a836-4f38-885c-e356ddf7b0e1/vol-12-homebrewed-t-2-1660004087.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
An early 20th century car: the Ford Model T
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4e6092e1-5858-46ff-91ca-ee416b93e447/Toyota-Mirai-Front.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
A modern car
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e007889b-cdf9-412b-98de-d618285907a8/cash+register.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
A 19th century cash register
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f147368c-4181-4940-8808-dacee6d8d94b/Cash_Registers_Alpha583CX.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 13: THE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - Make it stand out
A modern cash register
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/3/10/8qjenpebqvrhqxxyd80j5cnh7nkmm0
monthly
0.5
2023-03-17
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6113bf1c-f39c-4d68-a851-1b635d342852/DSCF0203.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 12: THATCHED ROOFS - Make it stand out
A cold-region minka with not only thatched roofs, but thatched walls: thatch is an excellent insulator.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b1172138-d7e6-43db-b83e-dac4df57daa5/DSCF0215.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 12: THATCHED ROOFS - Make it stand out
Thatched roof with a beautifully smooth valley transition. Note also the grasses and even trees growing from the ridge capping.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/19179bc1-9956-41da-9213-a1576039122c/DSCF0482.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 12: THATCHED ROOFS - Make it stand out
A fine example of the subtle sculptural possibilities of thatch.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/11c2ba1e-b2ac-4755-9bb6-8025b4013bfa/thatch.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 12: THATCHED ROOFS - Make it stand out
Simplified and idealised diagram of how rainwater ‘travels’ through a thatched roof and exits at the eave.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/3/5/a-little-golden-age
monthly
0.5
2023-03-05
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2f066107-30c7-4c77-9e1b-bc18d36d7232/Gosport+Tragedy_1760s_Walpole.jpg
BLOG - A LITTLE GOLDEN AGE - Make it stand out
A broadside ballad
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/19047a3e-52cf-44fa-95a1-8e1860cdaa59/4+Studio+1+Victor+building+15a.jfif
BLOG - A LITTLE GOLDEN AGE - Make it stand out
An acoustic recording of an orchestra, early 1920s.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9aa64203-9411-4ead-a1ae-26ef7c262218/mic.jpg
BLOG - A LITTLE GOLDEN AGE - Make it stand out
An early electric microphone, circa 1925
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2185c36a-3341-459a-9d7a-c6ec6ee96f24/dock+boggs.JPG
BLOG - A LITTLE GOLDEN AGE - Make it stand out
Dock Boggs (1898-1971) Boggs playing Pretty Polly (1927), a variation of the murder ballad “The Gosport Tragedy” first circulated in broadsheet form in around 1727.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/2/26/jev8w83dcfi2xhruu4dlpqp0hpfb9k
monthly
0.5
2023-02-26
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d2dc72dd-534a-4979-a98b-d25a487c1411/rossi6.JPG
BLOG - POSTMODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM - Make it stand out
The Teatro del Mondo, Venice, 1979
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/eaa9f95a-b4e3-47af-8b1b-9eeb5de0f11c/rossi2.jpg
BLOG - POSTMODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM - Make it stand out
Scholastic Building, New York, 1997
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/208352c5-9b6f-4018-95ce-bb8b72397cc0/rossi4.jfif
BLOG - POSTMODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM - Make it stand out
Quartier Schützenstrasse, Berlin, 1997
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e9b18494-ab36-436c-8262-141e3be4d157/rossi3.JPG
BLOG - POSTMODERNISM AND TRADITIONALISM - Make it stand out
House in Friedrichstadt, Berlin, 1981
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/2/19/kuthlumuz90xb68ewd83n873ixhn6b
monthly
0.5
2023-02-19
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f2ec32b7-0957-4d94-831f-e6d709b9bb35/fascia1.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
Typical Australian ‘builder’s vernacular’ treatment of the external wall-roof junction, showing colorbond eaves gutter and ugly colorbond fascia.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/932d613e-28e3-4e6b-a5c7-762bfea2d7b5/drgdg.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0d49bea3-b7f2-4fdc-ac9d-c59006bebd21/efefe.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/789ee1e0-0090-4438-8fb4-47675aa08a0e/werwe.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/cb476316-c440-4922-8175-fddb5e603a82/Brick-Cornices-113.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ed7a1983-2389-477e-a623-9dea3a1bc3fd/venice-other-islands.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
The brick cornice and tile roof of the cloister of the church of San Michele, Venice, 15th century.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/06284f1d-454c-46a2-8625-89cbad9ef209/2989565527_8813deb702_b.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 11: BRICK CORNICES - Make it stand out
How not to do it: the monotonous, scale-impoverished result of a modernist attempt at being ‘interesting’.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/2/12/what-is-traditional-architecture
monthly
0.5
2023-02-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b0e6b202-99a8-4c18-a448-9a67f87cb7dd/wells+cathedral.jpg
BLOG - WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE? - Make it stand out
Wells Cathedral (consecrated 1239)
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1cd3ae0f-7ef5-490e-aa9c-46d3b6d34424/liver.jpg
BLOG - WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE? - Make it stand out
The Royal Liver Building (1911) by Walter Aubrey Thomas
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fbb4008d-977c-4390-bb6f-3b143bfd2826/fagus.jpg
BLOG - WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE? - Make it stand out
The Fagus Factory (1913) by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/de0ef9f4-47b5-4c3a-af7e-7afc463d6654/irish+cottage.jpg
BLOG - WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE? - Make it stand out
Vernacular building: an Irish farmhouse
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/347a456b-07ca-434e-a8d2-dedb1f459ed1/british+museum.jpg
BLOG - WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE? - Make it stand out
Classical architecture: the British Museum
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/2/5/vernacular-pictures-10-architecture-on-screen
monthly
0.5
2023-02-05
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8d38fc76-d2b3-4dc3-85be-8a2ddeaebdcc/boardandplaster2.png
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
From an unknown film.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d27e6c12-a1af-426b-9e31-937949b48bf3/the+witch2.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
From Robert Eggers’ The Witch (2015).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/54cff679-456a-4c41-bc61-00ea1bbc37c1/redshutters.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
From an unknown documentary.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/78df2d85-80a5-4a04-8a1c-145556e5f804/tonga.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
From an unknown documentary.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/567be605-e701-4c26-82f7-d837b6836a26/sergiovermeer.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
This painterly scene from one of Sergio Leone’s The Man With no Name trilogy of films (I forget which- probably The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly) is a clear homage to Vermeer’s The Milkmaid.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e6fe929c-3771-4e62-94b0-f7c76118d0f3/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
Johannes Vermeer’s The Milkmaid
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9fd4a302-d61d-4c8a-b376-15b6e2c58078/SetRoma.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
Set of the TV series Rome
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fb395119-c89d-475e-aae7-754cba5b5b52/1920px-Eigamura_set.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 10: ARCHITECTURE ON SCREEN - Make it stand out
Toei ‘Movie Village’ in Kyoto, Japan.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/1/21/traditional-design-iv-pushing-and-pulling-part-2
monthly
0.5
2024-11-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/660c51f9-fd11-4d0b-bdbe-69fdafc43c2e/water-street-parking-garage-1-scaled.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
Both the parking garage in the foreground, and the office building in the background, display the anxiety-inducing horizontal perforations that result from the ‘vertical pull’ model of designing a building.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8250f6cb-2316-4f58-a33d-92b347fb2001/Domino-house-by-Le-Corbusier-1914.png
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
Le Corbusier’s Dom-ino House
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7c85897f-1d70-402c-b468-bbf9a1376fa8/accordion+lantern.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
Chinese accordion lantern
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b8e6533d-b4d6-42bd-bb93-d18cd3ca6041/dgd39uins4t21.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
A generic example of a contemporary building that, for all its heavy-handed cleverness, is still just a stack of horizontal slabs.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c631fca9-e040-48de-b318-d32e3b2aed49/paramentric.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
The superficial facade treatment cannot disguise the fundamental two-dimensionality of the building.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3221f051-2d10-4068-b925-464d47496668/trad+skyscraper.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
Example of an early ‘skyscraper’ displaying a strong sense of verticality.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d7aa2456-02ec-40e1-bbd6-bb9f1357f3f5/skyscraper.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
The massing of the overall form, articulation of the facade, and window proportions of this early skyscraper combine to give it a strongly vertical character.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b86bf372-ab1f-4245-9fe8-9576f5890925/skyscraper2.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
An intriguing ‘hybrid’ or ‘transitional’ example: the overall form is convincingly three-dimensional and suggestive of the vertical, but the proportions and repetition of the windows allow the horizontal to dominate, resulting in a somewhat dissonant and unsettling overall effect.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/84fb997d-4e69-4774-8757-eaa0366f6af1/savyoe.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN IV - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 2 - Make it stand out
Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, perhaps the archetypal example of the use of pilotis in modern architecture.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/1/21/traditional-design-iii
monthly
0.5
2023-01-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ca111882-ea34-41b1-b288-2000917a7b16/salin1.png
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN III - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 1 - Make it stand out
Diagram by Nikos Salingaros illustrating the process by which increasing horizontal tension creates first windows, then arcades, then columns.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6c9ce127-6766-44ee-b709-5e996ca33e26/FNRRa8SWUAoc068.jfif
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN III - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 1 - Make it stand out
An alcove in a wall, flanked by pilasters.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e47f6f30-2fde-4947-9176-dcef1e43bd07/salin2.png
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN III - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 1 - Make it stand out
Diagram by Nikos Salingaros illustrating the process by which increasing horizontal compression creates folds in a plane at successively smaller intervals and scales.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9eb8e463-ccc4-4106-90eb-5a90b528cc90/columns.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN III - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 1 - Make it stand out
Classical columns embody the effect of vertical compression: bulges at the head and base, and entasis of the shaft.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/faf020cf-0215-413d-a46e-3cef5eb26079/beams.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN III - PUSHING AND PULLING PART 1 - Make it stand out
From a structural perspective, the beams in the floor plane are equivalent to the corrugations in a sheet of corrugated iron.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/1/14/t43b7eygkpj5zyjh8f7ia9udkzw9do
monthly
0.5
2023-01-14
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c1fb994f-6d31-455b-bb85-01eabe83896a/DSCF0413a.jpg
BLOG - JAPAN PHOTOS 1: WOODEN LOCK - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/1/8/vernacular-pictures-9-half-doors
monthly
0.5
2023-01-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e8ac76e2-1cf2-4db3-9df0-7055357805a6/dutch+door+2.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2ccf8c92-6bf8-4fdc-a6a8-4e9f325f86f6/dutch+door+3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fd5318d9-1287-44b5-ac54-b805c42ec293/dutch+door+4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9404c85a-7abd-40d6-ac46-f21913b70e1e/dutch+door+5.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/15db74ca-02f4-4edf-a443-811438504ea0/dutch+door+7.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4744c6b4-01af-46ca-8111-2f44867935e1/dutch+door+8.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 9: HALF DOORS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2023/1/6/jgp693b1el8lgvobql2k02gqiylljn
monthly
0.5
2023-01-07
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/12/23/4fxsovl495d2njptr2i2agdxl3it9f
monthly
0.5
2022-12-23
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/60d467ed-3d02-46eb-b90b-ca81cdc28c36/koushi+4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
View of the street through the koushi from within the entrance of a townhouse.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/88128b89-0515-4054-af02-b9db344df859/koushi+7.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
View of a koushi-covered facade at night.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b00ca409-74ba-41ae-b1b1-b252d8f114e3/koushi+5.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
A fine koushi showing one of many patterns of cutting the ‘slats’ short at the top to admit more light without compromising on privacy.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a3393279-ef56-41dc-a1e9-f1541717cf7e/koushi+6.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
Koushi consisting of alternating stout, full-length members with shourter, finer members.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ead19725-4d8f-431a-83ee-7fd4ffb2ebda/koushi+8.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
Examples of some of the most common types of koushi. From left to right: itoya koushi, sumiya koushi, sakaya koushi, and komeya koushi.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8cc7217b-fe2f-40ba-b7f1-601f25fa2da0/koushi+3.jfif
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 8: KOUSHI - Make it stand out
A modern Japanese example of koushi: frameless; consisting only vertical elements all identical in length, dimension, and setback; and arbitrarily covering both windows and blank wall.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/12/18/building-envelopes-as-filters
monthly
0.5
2022-12-18
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3bc619d0-df43-4831-9392-3d62f19abd81/temple+hut.jpg
BLOG - BUILDING ENVELOPES AS FILTERS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/12/11/vernacular-pictures-7
monthly
0.5
2022-12-11
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4029e7d4-aedf-4477-a90d-af4183e62c77/hut8.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/889c326a-ae2a-4fdb-9bcc-9e02dba3720b/hut7.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/94465784-6a32-4d70-bcd6-b46c52f60a68/hut6.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/30095ffa-7b62-428a-998d-63b87db299ab/hut4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/44d4d207-bafe-4382-8bfc-c8cc5666dfd7/hut2.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/083860cf-8e78-4e56-8123-bfcb0acff042/hut3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/32c264d7-7270-4ff8-9ee2-cfd6c9d6ecf5/hut1.jpeg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 7: EARLY AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/12/4/vernacular-pictures-6-tensile-structures
monthly
0.5
2022-12-04
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/43a411b5-b973-42a9-9466-9cdd6bf8e044/tent1.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 6: TENSILE STRUCTURES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2336d65e-6978-4e13-954f-4c6c9afec58f/tent3.png
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 6: TENSILE STRUCTURES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/cf243d29-9646-4f0d-ac23-b5b82263dde2/tent2.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 6: TENSILE STRUCTURES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/11/20/vernacular-pictures-5-spolia
monthly
0.5
2022-11-20
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/680fa37f-e007-47b2-8fcc-e8870b821f6e/spoila-venetian-castle-parikia.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 5: SPOLIA - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/177de2ea-ce05-4cac-b880-adfcd4e9cb81/via+capo+di+ferro.spolia.near+campo+dei+fiori.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 5: SPOLIA - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bf051de8-7172-4d43-aeff-3e0b71606b80/Zadar_Spolia_St-Donatus.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 5: SPOLIA - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/11/10/vernacular-pictures-4-paint-as-ornament
monthly
0.5
2022-11-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/02407c48-1df2-4a6b-8943-99e73a9055ec/00-35-71-E9-83-E8-C9-6F-FF-C7-02-8D-F0-9D-20-7F-03-2D-45-F3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 4: PAINT AS ORNAMENT - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fbd2f413-6d2f-4183-9e6b-cafe4a6834bb/6a013483832c3b970c01a51199d903970c.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 4: PAINT AS ORNAMENT - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/39229759-6693-459c-8552-8a30f8aadf3b/Museum_of_Folk_Architecture_and_Ethnography_in_Pyrohiv_-_old_house_-_2388.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 4: PAINT AS ORNAMENT - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/11/6/vernacular-pictures-3-log-and-plank-walls
monthly
0.5
2022-11-06
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1c41ef42-45cc-42a3-a6ac-0e14b597cbaa/log5.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bcf6ad0f-16d7-4dcd-944e-30df881a2138/log1.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/635b20c4-e3c6-46a4-ad39-e5ea391caff5/log3.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1dfdbba6-5e61-4b72-8083-59a20e576c1f/log5+%282%29.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/30b21431-59c1-4e86-be06-98a3c4fbd605/log6.png
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/280221ef-8bec-4259-85d7-92077212bd67/log7.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/08cc5357-a77d-453e-a071-dbf0d839f2da/log8.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/83a9897a-a554-4625-bba9-f911dc0751ca/log4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 3: LOG AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/10/30/0cy70qrmlkj3gdy09zubmm6hyba7n2
monthly
0.5
2022-10-30
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ef25d59e-f968-4a91-8ab0-ea33a749d282/1280px-Graslei_gent_avondlicht.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
A streetscape of stepped gables in Belgium.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8b32c29c-38d6-44fb-bee7-76a9dd9eb54d/1280px-Brugge_Houses_Potterierei_R02.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
Belgium again.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8acb8625-0df5-4771-be6c-107dc8fd4b08/449PX-%7E1.JPG
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
A relatively stark example, lightened by the patterned storm shutters, richly ornamented oriel window, and scupture of a stag on the ridge.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f4d58d6e-38bb-45c2-b363-0c1064375790/1920px-Culross_Palace_from_top_of_its_garden%2C_Aug_2018.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
Culross Palace, Scotland.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fb0db901-038c-47b6-ac45-9453d8897320/166844590.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
Three-part stepped gables on the sides of Chinese vernaluar buildings.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/118f2456-ca37-4bbd-a78f-085a023c83a6/8461558063598.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
Another example of a Chinese stepped gable (here dividing the roof rather than ending it, so perhaps more accurately called a party wall or fire wall).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5cd4c2c5-b48c-4211-a786-369bd1c31497/1280px-Altenburg_Schloesschen.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 2: STEPPED GABLES - Make it stand out
An interesting example of a European stepped gable which shares features of the Chinese variety: the steps of the gable are themselves pitched, and roofed with the same material (in this case slate?) as the main roof.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/10/23/nlmyy3h53adj1utiqnblatzltylutt
monthly
0.5
2022-10-23
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e50f7360-3aaf-4406-a552-cf369ba0de72/OAST4.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR TYPOLOGIES 1: THE OAST HOUSE - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5f6aa756-99b3-475d-935c-9367e81c3ef5/OAST2.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR TYPOLOGIES 1: THE OAST HOUSE - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a263a185-8406-409d-83b7-13e0ed0ba1c7/OAST1.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR TYPOLOGIES 1: THE OAST HOUSE - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/10/15/buildings-with-faces
monthly
0.5
2022-10-15
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1abeda9c-74a4-4fe3-8cdd-494d77bd257d/Ronchamp+1.jpg
BLOG - BUILDINGS WITH FACES - Make it stand out
Ronchamp Chapel by Le Corbusier
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f71d109a-f6ae-479d-92f4-468da8c7cdfb/villa+foscari.JPG
BLOG - BUILDINGS WITH FACES - Make it stand out
Villa Foscari by Palladio
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/10/9/3f3nensrp7zo2tievnu0stwerg0jpg
monthly
0.5
2022-10-09
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1665273973338-NDM3U25YM9SKUYCARL9C/1024px-Central_Hall.JPG
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3de5da74-28bf-49b3-90fb-f53f6442879c/2ezec0p7i8x01.jpg
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6633ac5d-bfa2-4db3-aef8-70f2eb6d210f/2017-marce_couvert-service_communication_ville_de_sens24-1200x800.jpg
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bf596814-ff17-4d55-8d6c-852344bad343/f1db7515acfe5766e8a4418f537dd9be.jpg
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/cfd83320-7f7e-49f3-8689-e3a2cd5f3884/f0ccf45088bda5b60f25098c5930cf1f--old-trains-train-stations.jpg
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ffd0a557-358f-4bfe-a0c7-5c81717d2f4a/b420b7d21b5d72cd33b0f35d546e0dea--metal-frames-adaptive-reuse.jpg
BLOG - TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/10/1/jr4fliyxf8w0vzo0c6ptxde7laepqw
monthly
0.5
2025-02-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a13293cb-53bd-46e0-bfbd-754d9fba9c03/DhTQ1hDU0AAMMn7.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 1: LOW CEILINGS - Make it stand out
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BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 1: LOW CEILINGS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f78752a7-58e0-4cff-bfd2-8da81ca35fb4/cb35789fec21a6bc51d2644ce156c3f6.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 1: LOW CEILINGS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/910458bb-0c6d-4ec4-8106-7530314ae4cb/6f21e00183952bc5f0c2866b1e30f10d.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 1: LOW CEILINGS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/218f5a8b-01c3-41c8-9fe1-4e01112cc80d/f49d5b4cd22cc417308585ea1e0c9ad6.jpg
BLOG - VERNACULAR PICTURES 1: LOW CEILINGS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/9/21/architect-or-building-designer-part-three
monthly
0.5
2022-09-25
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/9/11/kmyc57h85893n56d6tps91x4fhi6h3
monthly
0.5
2022-09-18
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/9/7/architect-or-building-designer
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0dac8659-fae0-4313-b377-a221f5f760bd/Architecture-Background-HD.jpg
BLOG - ARCHITECT OR BUILDING DESIGNER - PART ONE - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/9/4/kitchen-layouts
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/8/28/the-kitchen-triangle
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e44ed897-e1ab-41d1-bf6a-17152b6f6c80/1940s.JPG
BLOG - THE KITCHEN TRIANGLE - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/8/21/kon-wasujiro-and-fudo
monthly
0.5
2023-03-17
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2505f5c0-0e84-4fbf-b662-ecaca175319b/kon1.jpg
BLOG - KON WASUJIRO AND FUDO - Make it stand out
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BLOG - KON WASUJIRO AND FUDO - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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BLOG - KON WASUJIRO AND FUDO - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/cefefaaf-c075-403a-869b-befe4afc0e43/kon3.jfif
BLOG - KON WASUJIRO AND FUDO - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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BLOG - KON WASUJIRO AND FUDO - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/8/7/double-glazing-debunked-part-three
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/31/double-glazing-debunked-part-two
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/31/double-glazing-debunked-part-one
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/62f23498-ce72-4068-be9b-0e2455cce09d/800px-EURO_68_wooden_window_profile_with_insulated_glazing_02.jfif
BLOG - DOUBLE GLAZING DEBUNKED, PART ONE - Make it stand out
A sectioned timber-framed IGU showing the desiccant layer (white) under a perforated metal strip
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/23/japanese-minka-vii-four-room-layouts
monthly
0.5
2023-06-23
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a4697801-f703-4458-9bd1-260dda3dde38/minka8.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VII - FOUR ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
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BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VII - FOUR ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e27b80f9-57bb-4f4f-8707-e801e1700897/minka10.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VII - FOUR ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/17/local-heating
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/66655a87-0cad-484d-9dac-59276975f6f3/Kotatsu-tastefulTN.jpg
BLOG - LOCAL HEATING - Make it stand out
A modern Japanese kotatsu
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5657da60-2237-4234-9303-f696efb15bac/irori.png
BLOG - LOCAL HEATING - Make it stand out
Extended family gathered around a farmhouse irori.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f348da68-9f89-40ec-92f8-ab70af64726f/800px-Kotatsu.svg.png
BLOG - LOCAL HEATING - Make it stand out
The modern kotatsu (top) and the more traditional hori-gotatsu (bottom).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/608dceaf-6ca3-4dca-b2dc-3bc7956d62d7/02022035935.jpg
BLOG - LOCAL HEATING - Make it stand out
A birds-eye view of kazoku-danran around the kotatsu
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7134ef66-84af-43fa-828a-0bb6e2b425ef/High_back_French_wing_armchair_as480a1863z.jpg
BLOG - LOCAL HEATING - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/10/animal-architecture
monthly
0.5
2022-12-29
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e4a7d1ac-64d7-43cd-ae70-2d334643ec42/e1ab72e607627357740d622a7f9e11c5.jpg
BLOG - ANIMAL ARCHITECTURE - Make it stand out
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https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/7/3/what-happened-to-colour
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a8d7445c-6ac3-4c74-a9a4-ede61adf42d4/grey.jpg
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a037d802-3daa-4f3c-a1ee-07adfe587539/FTmvi9mWQAAfZ_T.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Egptian columns
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/29eee0aa-a279-4f23-bf42-f285a5a19603/FSvHa6uUYAAa65s.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Reconstruction of a polychrome Greek temple
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6f58441a-d837-4f3b-b124-9ff3a5f792ce/FWMr5-qX0AMu_rk.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Gothic clustered columns
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/41ffb24f-8efd-4a5c-8539-81c6b751f529/article-test-3.jpg
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Period Federation colour scheme
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4e50c2b1-3b8e-4f99-bdfb-43ace1d93d34/bark1.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a0a8f1ac-1460-41e5-a410-912f3bb9bd91/bark2.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/18b50d1c-b06b-4dcc-8990-67e700981be9/bark3.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4b9283a9-d8c2-4bdc-be82-6879be841442/bark5.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/aa15c84b-0f15-4feb-9e54-02b3235f3ddd/bark6.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/257e042d-daba-4179-bb67-e8d94cccc8f8/bird1.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4ffd9d92-a370-40a3-b6a2-7e8aec65d642/cockies.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c81c940f-d819-4843-ba15-33a3e9daa5ac/download.png
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/420bf034-75c1-4acd-8f77-6e17748637be/galah.jfif
BLOG - WHAT HAPPENED TO COLOUR? - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/6/26/defense-of-modernism
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1680c444-bed6-4cbf-8da6-e62a0c2ed5ef/aalto1.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Alvar Aalto
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b51ca433-76ea-4367-97a5-b1cf649c6911/aalto2.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Alvar Aalto
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b9418722-35ee-4b7b-b25b-bf62317e06ba/aalto3.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Alvar Aalto
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/43a5dd96-8f82-4a00-94c2-ab800044a5e5/asplund1.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Gunnar Asplund
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ae8c61b4-81ef-498a-a36d-a2b0839dd290/asplund4.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Gunnar Asplund
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a84968f2-394a-44a9-9356-3b4b6d591d38/Barragan1.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Luis Barragan
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a3ee5677-1dc6-4160-9f2f-b36f9f3dc91a/barragan5.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Luis Barragan
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d1cc0b30-eedb-4f79-a624-df5ecf90962a/utzon1.jpg
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Jorn Utzon
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0df5df79-a1a7-4f43-aa63-115504710aee/utzon2.png
BLOG - IN DEFENSE OF (SOME) MODERNISM - Make it stand out
Jorn Utzon
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/6/19/design-condescension
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/652b88e7-1cc5-4d20-9096-1526ec6912ee/openplan.jpg
BLOG - DESIGN CONDESCENSION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/3af83bfc-0373-424d-a641-a6798722a23d/8a01641u.preview.jpg
BLOG - DESIGN CONDESCENSION - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/6/12/japanese-minka-vi-three-room-layouts-2
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9697c58e-f3ab-488f-a142-e4dc737cdb59/minka6.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VI - THREE ROOM LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
The maezashiki type, yokobunwari pattern.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/00a0aec0-f13e-467a-8b27-87455ca75254/minka7.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA VI - THREE ROOM LAYOUTS 2 - Make it stand out
Tatenarabi sanma-dori type of the yokobunwari pattern.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/6/5/japanese-minka-v-three-room-layouts
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d5d9be13-cd41-4662-88ee-b088c401c4d6/minka4.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA V - THREE ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
A typical tatebunwari pattern minka of the subtype heiretsugata or ‘column’ type.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4955e421-1c29-4593-bc9f-96482a2e75c5/minka5.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA V - THREE ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
A typical tatebunwari pattern minka of the subtype hiromagata or ‘hiroma type’.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/5/22/japanese-minka-iv-two-room-layouts
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/da8fcdda-933f-4f3f-b908-4dd625270424/minka1.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IV - TWO ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f0fcbba1-c855-4e96-8090-c24c6cba6b15/minka2.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IV - TWO ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
A two room minka of the ‘vertical division’ type.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9e85efb3-42b4-4b3d-8a04-b1b20ca57d87/minka3.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA IV - TWO ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
A two room minka of the ‘horizontal division’ type.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/5/22/japanese-minka-iii-single-room-layouts
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/20d38869-28fd-41f4-8824-33b27bd6ed99/DSCF0801a.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA III - SINGLE ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
Interior view showing the roof structure of the Hakogi sennenya, the oldest extant minka in Japan, dated to the late Muromachi era (1336 - 1573)
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e83553da-a865-48d4-9f28-8ce2616b6692/hito-ma.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA III - SINGLE ROOM LAYOUTS - Make it stand out
A hito-ma or one room dwelling showing the functional division of the space.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/5/15/japanese-minka-ii-the-raised-floor-dwelling
monthly
0.5
2022-05-18
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e6b26260-4cd5-460e-9321-4107d7de7d13/takayuka1.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA II - THE RAISED-FLOOR DWELLING - Make it stand out
A raised-floor granary standing next to a pit dwelling, presumably a common sight (though probably with greater fire separation!) in the transitional period before pit dwellings gave way to raised floor dwellings. A much higher level of sophistication is evident in the raised floor structure, in both the structural system and in the dressing and joining of timbers. Note the disc-shaped caps on the posts to prevent rats and other vermin from entering.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/157d640c-f350-4baa-be96-5d57d9bda4cb/3404647988_006470f9f7_b.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA II - THE RAISED-FLOOR DWELLING - Make it stand out
A highly refined example of the raised floor typology, with finely worked timbers and close-fitting plank walls.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/cf32919b-a68e-488c-bf6e-9198f90c9bd8/1280px-Hakogike_house10.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA II - THE RAISED-FLOOR DWELLING - Make it stand out
An expansive earthen floored doma in a traditional farmhouse, with a raised floor of thick planks beyond.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ccd0349a-d9ec-4182-a94c-138803c631ef/genkan4.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA II - THE RAISED-FLOOR DWELLING - Make it stand out
A tiny apartment genkan demonstrating one of its functions: stopping leaves and other debris from going further into the house.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d0aa547d-a11d-4f92-b0e5-b1f78ff5895b/genkan5.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA II - THE RAISED-FLOOR DWELLING - Make it stand out
This genkan in a traditional building, with granite paving stones set into a beaten-earth floor, is evocative of its Jomon ancestry.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/5/8/japanese-minka-i-introduction-and-pit-dwellings
monthly
0.5
2026-01-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5cb1fc8c-6917-41f6-b0e9-7f30a997abcb/tate5.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Modern reconstruction of a tateana-jūkyo (gable entry).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/03bbb2fe-8272-49ea-962b-290c523d332b/tateside.JPG
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Modern reconstruction of a tateana-jūkyo (side entry).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a20abb60-c4ab-4407-ba96-2482e78b167c/27ea656e3e941b2012b56f2b086a0a4f-768x574.png
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Reconstruction of the interior of a tateana jūkyo
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5b85a47b-5163-468a-b63e-dba8b141ba39/t2601.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Cutaway showing the structure of a tateana jūkyo.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/dee30b6c-dd72-4fb7-b602-d8dc5b3741b5/tateana-kouzou.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
An excavated tateana jūkyo pit showing post holes and fireplace, the structural framework, and a reconstruction of the external appearance showing thatching, entrance opening, and smoke openings in the gables.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c9e97a08-32c3-4eca-9379-8b880e976be5/%E7%AB%AA%E7%A9%B4%E4%BD%8F%E5%B1%85%E6%96%AD%E9%9D%A2%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%9B%B3-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%8F%E5%B1%85%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89-%E5%AE%AE%E6%9C%AC%E9%95%B7%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E%E8%91%97%E3%81%AE-%E7%AB%AA%E7%A9%B4%E4%BD%8F%E5%B1%85%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%A9%E5%85%83-%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%9B%B3%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A.png
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
A series of sections showing the evolution of the tateana jūkyo roof structure, from a simple earth-covered A-frame to a thatched structure with differentiated wall and roof, essentially identical to a modern house but for the sunken floor.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1dd90491-2cdf-4282-b45f-3e7da66fe657/95p-z7-2.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Later, relatively sophisticated examples of the form, showing square plan, hipped-and-gabled roof, ‘chimneys’, and perimeter wall posts and beams which allow the roof structure to be raised clear of the ground.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2688cc58-3fa0-44ce-a61b-c92d4b957873/tateana3.jpg
BLOG - JAPANESE MINKA I - INTRODUCTION AND PIT DWELLINGS - Make it stand out
Diagram showing the environmental performance of the tateana jūkyo.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/1/1/ceiling-heights
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/05fb2f52-eadb-4297-9d70-048af839f8cc/ezgif-5-fe9bf9e805.jpg
BLOG - CEILING HEIGHTS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/4/24/a-mix-of-compatible-materials
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/05289a41-9516-479a-b266-1c72d8514c7d/duplex.JPG
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/14251f03-b5bd-47f5-9003-6e47ffedf8b3/duplex2.jfif
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bd62f71f-e306-4dbf-ae0f-01ba591f6088/duplex3.jfif
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5d8007bf-2a8a-400c-94bb-1815930aa05c/townhouse.JPG
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4288247c-8e00-4b9d-940c-0dd26d40afc6/800px-Argyle_Place%2C_Millers_Point%2C_Sydney%2C_NSW_Townhouses_%287889967176%29.jpg
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
19th century townhouses in Millers Point, Sydney. With no variety of materials or offsets in the facade plane, presumably this ‘design’ would not be permitted today.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fa77b873-9f05-4199-a362-82f24387b4c7/The+Rocks+Odyssey.JPG
BLOG - A MIX OF COMPATIBLE MATERIALS - Make it stand out
Hotel in The Rocks, Sydney. The facade displays fine-grained ‘offsets’, ornament, and a subtle variety of colours and finishes, differentiated rationally and functionally.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2017/8/4/traditional-design-ii-universal-distribution
monthly
0.5
2023-01-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1504137283972-5K5YQNS3Z3CCITA3RD6Q/kochsnowflake.png
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
The Koch snowflake
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1504139794098-15QY3MKWUNFWYR6CGDJB/sierpinski+gasket.png
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
The Sierpinski gasket
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516921578649-GVGLLJONNHEJA1F18SNU/Santa+Maria+in+Vallicella.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516922078733-GK05GG7PVA6PFVFO80HU/Siena+Cathedral.JPG
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
Siena Cathedral
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516925318566-MHFB9IURL7H5YGNGJSZE/villa+savoye.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
Villa Savoye
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516925652076-M3ENVZLSEIISIADPAYNR/thebarcodeproject.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516925696663-W6QG5X8IHX46A507E15F/timber+facade.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516925763193-2F5019NX9TCYGQVNRY9J/officeelf.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN II: UNIVERSAL DISTRIBUTION
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2018/1/28/rules-for-planning-designing-building
monthly
0.5
2022-04-10
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/4/3/traditional-design-i
monthly
0.5
2023-01-28
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1503735574747-29MQP9UZ9RT6OWT8IC3S/test+Model+%281%29.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1501066324389-S4PAZO2W7UHK09NGOTSJ/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
The Fibonacci sequence in nature
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1501187643964-MQA8P2Z8P5OAA49HNCRE/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
A logarithmic spiral in nature
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1501056206003-JIJUQMFB1HZIUSPQ88YL/4a7e25cb9b7311d78def2ab4deebac56.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
Inappropriate spacing of scales and collapse of the hierarchy: only a few large and seemingly random scales are present in this facade.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1502530868207-YQEHB02ZGK0Z2RXH4EZ7/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
This classical facade presents a full hierarchy of scales, from large (the ‘bay’ or distance between columns) to small (the width of the dentils in the cornice).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1501057402585-OEH4Y9JTCQ0RZE0F4HZV/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
Classical door with ornamented surround
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1501057458442-QFMVTPFPJP7UAAZAU0AC/modern-interior-door-with-10mm-door-frame.jpg
BLOG - TRADITIONAL DESIGN I: UNIVERSAL SCALING
Modern door with "frame"
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/3/26/skillion-roofs
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b048301e-2093-4d6b-a909-22d1cfa18c8d/skilliongable.JPG
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
A skillion roof (a) and gable roof (b)
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b65d6c54-fc28-49c7-8c41-acd40d190551/6894002181_84b3f361aa_b.jpg
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
Date House by Robin Boyd, 1955
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6d0e45ad-0461-4b26-bed2-ac94611604f3/simpsonlee.jpg
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
Simpson-Lee House by Glenn Murcutt, 1993
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/55a66950-6c83-4e1c-ac0a-3dd45aae09b0/winery.jpg
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
This is a winery, not a house, but a good example of what can happen when all you have is “ecologically sustainable outcomes”.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/15cafa82-92d2-43de-afe2-8ff4a0ab97ca/Modern-skillion-roofs.jpg
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
A good example of the dog’s breakfast that is the skillion roof in the ‘builder’s vernacular’.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b16b9cdd-3635-4727-932c-4da999f3e243/the+rise+of+the+skillion+1.jpg
BLOG - SKILLION ROOFS - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/3/20/steep-and-low-roofs
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1554025307219-7E9MIPXOE2AQ4X6PXD30/DSCF1291a.jpg
BLOG - STEEP AND LOW ROOFS
On the left: parallel gable roofs separated by a box gutter. On the right: a hipped ‘U’ form roof with an extremely long central box gutter (hidden).
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1554025791265-3N229YONQXGGBEHDW8PX/DSCF1297a.jpg
BLOG - STEEP AND LOW ROOFS
On the left: a ‘U’ form roof with a lean-to off the back. On the right: a parallel series of three hipped roofs separated by box gutters.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1554025475526-MXG0RJVPJLX51FR1MH21/DSCF1293a.jpg
BLOG - STEEP AND LOW ROOFS
A ‘U’ form roof shown from the back, with twin hipped roofs separated by a box gutter
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/3/13/mouldings-viii-the-cyma-recta-and-the-cyma-reversa
monthly
0.5
2022-03-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c0e23794-c6ff-461e-b336-02da49ac0bd4/recta.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VIII - THE CYMA RECTA AND THE CYMA REVERSA - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/45c58b3d-1054-4ea1-8892-d6172ea5e731/reversa.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VIII - THE CYMA RECTA AND THE CYMA REVERSA - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/3/6/windows-are-pictures
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1486708169233-O5QRH6FLGKPOIEJT1E91/Irish+window
BLOG - WINDOWS ARE PICTURES
A framed view.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1486708591022-PNR05G610NGIQOKFS8C3/living-room-940x625.jpg
BLOG - WINDOWS ARE PICTURES
Might be time to go outside?
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2021/2/15/the-three-quarter-mouldings
monthly
0.5
2023-06-15
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1613385660164-RG7WRMHG5OD9TP8DTAAD/threequarthollow.JPG
BLOG - MOULDINGS VII - THE THREE-QUARTER MOULDINGS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1613385988539-I529FRFS0VE4NDRZYIMP/external-content.duckduckgo.com.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VII - THE THREE-QUARTER MOULDINGS
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/2/20/mouldings-vi-the-hollow-and-the-scotia
monthly
0.5
2022-03-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1553511172855-IJI69126KB5RPQ4BS74H/greekscotia.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VI - THE HOLLOW AND THE SCOTIA
A two arc 2:1 scotia
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1553511393070-8UF0AFQEVW7654LE87ZS/romanscotia.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VI - THE HOLLOW AND THE SCOTIA
A two arc 3:1 scotia
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1553511695254-VZ7JJONQ9VHY7AY370F5/ionic+base.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS VI - THE HOLLOW AND THE SCOTIA
Ionic column base with fluted shaft
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/2/13/the-torus-and-the-bead
monthly
0.5
2022-03-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1552350953329-OCNS4A5BSL4GOJA7YINM/torus.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS V - THE TORUS AND THE BEAD
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/778c3e42-2523-4329-ae2e-b45d5d5e4424/image_2022-02-13_144830.png
BLOG - MOULDINGS V - THE TORUS AND THE BEAD - Make it stand out
A skirting board consisting of a fascia and bead, separated by a channel (sunk fillet)
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1552351121636-78K9XW1OG8TP99REFXKY/toruscolumn.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS V - THE TORUS AND THE BEAD
Two torii at the base of a column
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/2/8/mouldings-iv-the-cavetto
monthly
0.5
2022-02-08
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1516950989999-FT3PXM4VMZYED3OITNHQ/cavetto.gif
BLOG - MOULDINGS IV - THE CAVETTO
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/02/03/brick-chimneys
monthly
0.5
2022-09-12
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BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643877224607-8EOFNEQONFTD7JSZJ7CK/DSCF4325.jpg
BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643876688123-17IALXIDZVNCBKFWKXB9/DSCF4326.jpg
BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643876954968-URDLL85T8YAGFXOHLQC6/DSCF4335.jpg
BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643876880270-PXU40P6XYZ8CSS96T2R6/DSCF4336.jpg
BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643877098068-V8ET3RY0KUYGK8AV4DH3/DSCF4334.jpg
BLOG - BRICK CHIMNEYS
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/01/31/mouldings-part-iii-the-ovolo
monthly
0.5
2022-02-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1507625007563-76MYU803NHG4SY06ZIJO/OVOLO.png
BLOG - MOULDINGS III - THE OVOLO
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/1/24/mouldings-part-ii-the-fillet-and-the-fascia
monthly
0.5
2022-01-24
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1488069802372-EMBX3NUTGFWRZHWQRNC0/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - MOULDINGS II - THE FILLET & THE FASCIA
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1488070755289-FJ62O25WTKXMPZEK2E1R/fillet.jpg
BLOG - MOULDINGS II - THE FILLET & THE FASCIA
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1488072587171-FKON9R8HIQGUPV12R336/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - MOULDINGS II - THE FILLET & THE FASCIA
Skirting board with fascia profile
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1488072940809-25WI8RB1UJYJ7IMA1Q4I/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - MOULDINGS II - THE FILLET & THE FASCIA
Architrave with fascia profile
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/1/17/doodles
monthly
0.5
2023-02-11
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/00e49f6c-6a7d-407e-8934-342c9d81dd59/DSCF4172a.jpg
BLOG - DOODLES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9a0bfb4f-f94a-495e-979c-313ada96efa4/lych1.JPG
BLOG - DOODLES - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/1/13/post-no-2
monthly
0.5
2022-02-13
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1485767743605-05BG6X0S21MGAKIM258I/image-asset.jpeg
BLOG - MOULDINGS I - AN INTRODUCTION
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1612954008318-JMKZT16242S0O1PAXRT0/mouldings.txtbook.JPG
BLOG - MOULDINGS I - AN INTRODUCTION
Example illustration from the book ”The Theory of Mouldings” by C. Howard Walker, 1926, linked above.
https://www.folko.com.au/blog/2022/1/11/hello
monthly
0.5
2023-02-11
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BLOG - Hello - Make it stand out
Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.
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HOME
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
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STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716443062531-VFVZOX7D53CQV02L2M9N/DSCF9165A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716443061094-I6QKQ33ZN1EWWFLJE3CZ/DSCF9162A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716443062491-9LYKY5OPAIIAEOV5P47N/DSCF9159A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-07
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878004625-US2NAPQN0U49GYCB3OJ3/DSCF9214A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878002312-XQVAJH793GZVLLCNYPYE/DSCF9227A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716877999932-CQL8FO4YKDQ6L98AK6O2/DSCF9221A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878003553-KW91SB9X8KVIAGNRHVYX/DSCF9246A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-39
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878300563-JZOX8O9Y1KFY4HZK4T52/DSCF9186A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878300573-KR52N6KCT20EM8QPELM3/DSCF9188A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878302383-VSIHOYAPLXKTLE1U0YEB/DSCF9195A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878302766-MMRD26LR1UNH2VYCPXO4/DSCF9194A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716878302088-CWLV4GY91L7BT1ZPQ6WQ/DSCF9196A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-40
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1717476109409-VWQM76KCPMB5I7NAH36A/DSCF9299A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1717476109660-HE256WDIHM9CHI2J44D1/DSCF9302A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1717476109617-Y673WROIKUD2TSP8FIT0/DSCF9327A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1717476109843-D1WIW9E2DIQ5PWXPTOFN/DSCF9341A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1717476105860-FWIPADTG0117YGSY6U66/DSCF9317A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-08
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/045011bf-e833-4247-b758-37e265b6514c/DSCF9396A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/73e3c392-e62e-49aa-a3a5-038533b5314b/DSCF9410A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7bec5567-51eb-4565-b580-f1765d72c975/DSCF9400A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/df0f3dd3-94aa-4589-b455-8b1b9fac7027/DSCF9404A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-09
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fa43eaf4-0b64-4975-9fe4-9bf6cb1f468c/DSCF9420A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/be4b3057-46c6-448f-9fb9-a6bee4682631/DSCF9438A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/541596c6-898b-4e56-b931-01ea873dfaf7/DSCF9434A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0fbed16d-d823-447b-ba3c-9ff7b30a6bbe/DSCF9426A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-037
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/40170c60-d7f0-4b96-98ed-a0624ba34f0a/DSCF9455A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fb0a90a4-b4de-42dd-a699-28c2fcf64aa1/DSCF9446A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f031be37-3bea-4c89-aae7-f355dfed0e3c/DSCF9457A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5f00d7ca-aa73-407d-9c51-0cb06dbb15d4/DSCF9459A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-038
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/e4ea412b-7251-4cae-8f4b-0aa1a69acb61/DSCF9813A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6eef6f2a-4d38-4d18-920d-5b5d19aef57b/DSCF9787A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b29cbaba-698a-400a-a268-5394edfec7f4/DSCF9794A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ab6c64a9-148f-4d02-a60d-682a3d0e9bdf/DSCF9800A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-150
monthly
0.5
2026-01-19
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c1b50e67-be2d-43a3-b446-b79829cd33a8/DSCF0833A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0833A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/70d8153d-3e49-43d5-862f-00c03e3585a5/DSCF0835A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0835A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/743ae474-cb01-4bd5-a6b5-fbb2807ae92c/DSCF0836A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0836A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f8482e2e-c8f3-427f-bb98-ae520b247ad5/DSCF0838A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0838A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-151
monthly
0.5
2026-01-19
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/f141be48-68ca-4103-b41f-fd75f6bcefdc/DSCF0849A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0849A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1475a73b-a6a5-4591-ad3f-e59f010e4805/DSCF0851A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0851A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b59e3688-71be-40b2-960a-2cbf510a0f6a/DSCF0858A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0858A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/33e97b25-f017-46a8-b833-dc937cbe2c63/DSCF0876A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0876A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-152
monthly
0.5
2026-01-16
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8a8cdeb5-3cfc-4053-8d1a-42090f39a13c/f0476992A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - f0476992A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/04f2a5ef-47f0-4bdd-85fb-ceaa1bc62da7/f0594848A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - f0594848A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/01b90ad0-7464-4ae6-994e-6e0f594ae9a4/DSCF0864A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0864A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bb4ea768-defe-49f7-a63d-f216edd88d02/f0660608A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - f0660608A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-153
monthly
0.5
2026-01-19
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bd3ecba1-9b4c-4e02-a3a2-8a88ee93ca5b/DSCF0878A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0878A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0d0f0385-7421-41bb-8238-7639853e9a93/DSCF0879A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0879A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/c47b3566-f7bc-4680-8f51-d58b6a8207b9/DSCF0883A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0883A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d6d91c3a-3216-4ee3-b606-0c7967039d85/DSCF0885A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0885A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684916128030-MTIJE54XB73I7UG0QNQT/DSCF7207A.jpg
STORE - 2.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684916432875-F0IQACGWGG485CU0LUL0/DSCF7219A.jpg
STORE - 2.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684916126557-EF8WR8WHKRE76KILYCP9/DSCF7205A.jpg
STORE - 2.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684916125941-ZO4G9CJG53GW8ZEG4LMU/DSCF7194A.jpg
STORE - 2.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684916127344-RGGOT7P84MG7HG3XQ96F/DSCF7210A.jpg
STORE - 2.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684918398177-UV427OVV8VQPDMN5ENG4/DSCF7225A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684918397911-CNFDC9KSYDEO7LX73T6S/DSCF7227A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684918390727-SSMPUBXR1430YMFXL6EY/DSCF7235A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684918396551-SCN5OYTANERWBSA2IE42/DSCF7246A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684918393764-Y2953Q8JP8PCTXRJI0CE/DSCF7251A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684919806406-M0JXBV99U93KI3BA98B1/DSCF7255A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684919806788-VVVTCX6XVGGLKO2OLI82/DSCF7256A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684919803172-O89QEH856QH9MRJ8DHZ9/DSCF7257A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684919806388-S3CVE942O8JPMSSJBHU3/DSCF7260A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684919804069-22V4VGWIQPINFNEFHTNJ/DSCF7261A.jpg
STORE - 2.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/0-9-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685175444515-HPA4AT3ONQCLK2MM351W/DSCF7302A.jpg
STORE - 0.9 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685175444203-LJ2E11QY8PLQ2I01Y6D2/DSCF7311A.jpg
STORE - 0.9 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685175443564-8FZH5ZD79NATSNQIOQ1Q/DSCF7329A.jpg
STORE - 0.9 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685175444514-ISB8V5MJ4PUJVYNY8BMM/DSCF7317A.jpg
STORE - 0.9 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685176710704-JHE1UAT6W5FAVM9899XF/DSCF7269A.jpg
STORE - 1.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685176710734-AIBDQCE1BWW1DW010YOF/DSCF7286A.jpg
STORE - 1.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685176710723-78CKMYU1BIA0GL5EDNQE/DSCF7291A.jpg
STORE - 1.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1685176709454-A2KNBTYDZ68IIBS3WBCJ/DSCF7294A.jpg
STORE - 1.1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-5-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713855284688-GL7WRPHMYRVCFZG7YT2P/DSCF8880A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713855283057-67NVMLMFTJ2L6FQLDOHB/DSCF8877A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713855283346-DYO9D1STTD6PMRTLLF61/DSCF8883A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713855285277-V95Q11C7BTQ70MBHAUGC/DSCF8895A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713855279268-ULLY4TWHO7OYTDWGKOPQ/DSCF8898A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-4-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948002729-2VGS6VW99BGINBMD0GIW/DSCF8932A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948006044-5S3G8OCZ69BP9X0XA6IA/DSCF8942A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948003962-1EB8YMYJLM45F98AVXHC/DSCF8940A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948005692-Y0PYAO4QKD69H8BBH4KP/DSCF8941A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948006115-L5ZH71OTI6KF67UONXIR/DSCF8957A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-5-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1714290836789-NIQVS1ZRU22FBBIASPPP/DSCF9003A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1714291037698-P5G6F295QV24JGALK2LR/DSCF9027A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1714290835130-SJECTV2AC4FIDWSCF3HF/DSCF9011A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1714290835202-9MYGRDDQMKTLIFZN3Y3Z/DSCF9013A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1714290836429-QBZ9U0OZLDLFTA52UBV0/DSCF9015A.jpg
STORE - 2.5 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-4-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716442216304-U6EDY9VLSUS0JCI36HLN/DSCF9103A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716442214861-UK41658308QV971PQVB9/DSCF9115A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716442215017-0TP7MEEOCOBU86QUF3X2/DSCF9106A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1716442215708-UUST7R6YQSVS1IP6Q3A3/DSCF9118A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-4-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2-00130
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/29b12950-8f82-4068-ade8-9c697ddebac1/DSCF9904A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0d71c1e7-16a1-4554-89be-2de6f2134b3a/DSCF9906A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/212c19a4-f3ec-49ae-924c-064cfda93b17/DSCF9922A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/840c40d4-d27c-4ad2-abbf-54731dcb1f22/DSCF9909A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/390bcd25-0fd5-4cd7-8077-6d31ff60a733/DSCF9912A.jpg
STORE - 2.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1pt7-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684732135116-Q3P97ALIJOM9FEYJ0FGE/DSCF7172A.jpg
STORE - 1.7 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684732134681-26P90SVKFC0VKL8KE4NT/DSCF7169A.jpg
STORE - 1.7 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684732134076-A9F4J5COAIHKYHSVSJGW/DSCF7176A.jpg
STORE - 1.7 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684732133812-4ZFY4USW7V8UY31R8P6V/DSCF7178A.jpg
STORE - 1.7 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684732123384-LH9AHADYQQ3TOQZRGLAQ/DSCF7168A.jpg
STORE - 1.7 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-7-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687927467867-TTACF6WAUIETGMMPUVBO/DSCF7859A.jpg
STORE - 1.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687927464465-AV2FAWWQCRX3YUHTBNJL/DSCF7850A.jpg
STORE - 1.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687927463528-J3Y8ECUJYS34CARMM7T4/DSCF7853A.jpg
STORE - 1.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687927466571-Y0H7A164GI9BM2HRM62G/DSCF7863A.jpg
STORE - 1.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-13
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684650784877-1XM4IA47V0LINAP0RMG5/DSCF7151A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684650784228-8GTKANDNOPDGZHVM3KFW/DSCF7153A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684650784468-XM6UR1WPQ6PVVHW2CIRV/DSCF7149A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684650780330-OU2V17VDBILV31WXMR70/DSCF7146A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-14
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686984988540-9F9NF0DTS1QSJMW3R55L/DSCF7335A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686984986814-B8ID7FEXDG99AYTNJ097/DSCF7338A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686984988369-MUX7KSM6ZMA1NQV586XO/DSCF7347A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686984985777-7MNK2WACR97UDEXK2QMA/DSCF7350A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-15
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985454516-HDYXQOGXCC3R7LWPMI3I/DSCF7445A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985454811-6FSF7H0ACF5X7L5GGLTH/DSCF7447A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985453590-T3BBMMEWXLZHWH2H65FV/DSCF7434A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985450488-SKOD2810MQ2VEUS0BWQ0/DSCF7438A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-16
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985821946-O58R6CZ73PWTT2AMBX6R/DSCF7423A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985820662-2OO46VLAWG3Z19QOAIBI/DSCF7418A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985821946-5EU67NQ7EOR6BRXYXKLO/DSCF7411A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1686985819490-R3MMQ017OGPCQ7CLY0T9/DSCF7414A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-17
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687073986982-ZV45RNMZVZGXQ0ROAYPF/DSCF7461A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687073988297-3AS80FWDOJETASQPFMSQ/DSCF7469a.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687073987269-FGSJA12DZ5PFFV9JB8H9/DSCF7462A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687073986085-4R5FQATMSPK79YHG1LN4/DSCF7463A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687073987272-1Y2KZH3YIP70TSCROI48/DSCF7467A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-18
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074302703-6BQ5E3YQ1P49NB1LOWGX/DSCF7475A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074304606-H3DL3R8O0H5UXWSW41K8/DSCF7487A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074303194-KD8T5HMB0V5132RHH1K7/DSCF7476A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074304623-BVYS5HUB8RRGSRNB9L75/DSCF7477A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074304163-2PVX3SUGA12MULFRBTSI/DSCF7482A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-19
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074475819-E69ICNFJPVN1MTWDQ1TR/DSCF7489A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074476775-T68H5OF0K2LN7LNGK1GO/DSCF7496A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074476145-4W6WXPBTZBNVTESM0QVD/DSCF7490A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074474001-CCU25W7MOHNNS1Q6X7OX/DSCF7492A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074471401-K1FS2093MP6V2Y9JSF8W/DSCF7498A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-20
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074748507-3S78OBV0VHTJ8RX1LQC1/DSCF7501A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074752071-7B867LPQ04X32I3OR09O/DSCF7504A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074751966-WMKC1BC74IAHNCGRK5DX/DSCF7508A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074752550-ZJV2QGQTOULM65A39DUF/DSCF7514A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074746269-C7E15DAYDI84B25H1UGX/DSCF7512A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-21
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074894945-P8JXCMXRLUND1MN91GL0/DSCF7520A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074893150-SKVIG5GP2VMETXEV9CH4/DSCF7522A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074893604-UBQ907WRXZRYSDUM8JQN/DSCF7523A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074894896-9V7XFHIPHDG1W70U94CT/DSCF7530A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687074892387-AQ3OQGJKG17G8NVTIT3V/DSCF7524A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-22
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155491968-1MBXMEAR9SAM83526Q5D/DSCF7541A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155489848-NZRKP8384TJHWHT5AF3Q/DSCF7542A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155486868-XKGJFRWYHWJLG2XEIUND/DSCF7548A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155492112-IWR0HGC4O7TR65AEITMW/DSCF7545A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-23
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155612858-41J07CE3F3YJJS13INUF/DSCF7575A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155612451-159CSLZASDZ183RO0H5R/DSCF7567A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155612009-43P7463YAR9STK23YREY/DSCF7563A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687155612649-XI0CZYZ1Q76RQIISU1T3/DSCF7570A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/0-3-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687420846946-HGA8B6U9U632EBXFH72X/DSCF7774A.jpg
STORE - 0.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687420847276-A5DTQ7436LBQ9LA54LFY/DSCF7751A.jpg
STORE - 0.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687420844542-5QTRMIGIXDKCJJM81PIA/DSCF7753A.jpg
STORE - 0.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687420845356-V1CE874V4P75SWXO2UWZ/DSCF7757A.jpg
STORE - 0.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687420847209-E48DNH88WW096PND6GC2/DSCF7761A.jpg
STORE - 0.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/0-4-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1-typnb
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687421825577-95OUJTXC6BZSHVGQ092K/DSCF7772A.jpg
STORE - 0.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687421822847-8AFRV3T00BW3C6WWDH54/DSCF7765A.jpg
STORE - 0.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687421823673-U7CWBYGFIFO1LX1QCC2T/DSCF7766A.jpg
STORE - 0.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687421825626-Y6RH6R4K5I7OKYV4109W/DSCF7767A.jpg
STORE - 0.4 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-24
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464364729-R2RPK9GTUN1J8LH39R13/DSCF7790A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464364260-FE0COK3HUEX56F20C8O7/DSCF7791A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464363124-7Z5UDUAXP6F8K84183G8/DSCF7780A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464361912-2YY7LSXCVGDVE3WSXYHN/DSCF7784A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-25
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464542310-UCKICS53OULUK5GW4M4T/DSCF7794A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464542791-IHABVSKXLCFF9D8365PA/DSCF7793A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464541713-QZ8PUJB39EFVTTOMLKNL/DSCF7801A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1687464540483-SHVDERO1FFBAFCAF42IQ/DSCF7800A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-26
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693123876526-UZPYPU6HVCEVP1XZ56JF/DSCF7928A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693123875889-M8PCUKDFE7QAOJU6FN5T/DSCF7917A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693123875694-IBQTSTD9UXW1U3ISG4OH/DSCF7929A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693123876179-4FP8FTFWJV4W1BU21WGM/DSCF7923A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693123875219-MWR5R5JRBVFJI66DG5MR/DSCF7933A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-27
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124263467-EAVE96832CM5A2TN7ZNJ/DSCF7937A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124264296-DJ7I5F71COHK0P9PYWSB/DSCF7956A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124264171-8ZU8JSPAJR0OZUBM96JJ/DSCF7951A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124263978-NI1TD3FJVPJXXJYHYASR/DSCF7946A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/0-2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124627671-T9QCG3GCTI4N4KZU3I1A/DSCF7967A.jpg
STORE - 0.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124627826-SE6JWF66M8W9Z8DZBJ9X/DSCF7981A.jpg
STORE - 0.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124628297-11ZVLQVSIHWSW3J956U7/DSCF7982A.jpg
STORE - 0.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1693124627849-HUHNN0L0CUP02TM19VHV/DSCF7989A.jpg
STORE - 0.2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-28
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694334938481-XCFY5YSUCLYRA4OVI8LQ/DSCF8012A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694334940412-NQ86TIVYSA6RXF2VOQ4W/DSCF8027A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694334941234-MBSJF606CV4U6U19GKAG/DSCF8021A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694334940442-30TNMWAKDSMIJX9AAXW4/DSCF8017A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-29
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694335430343-51JOLMOW060WM9TF292O/DSCF8051A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694335428038-0AXLXZ2SC0OTHJT6QOAK/DSCF8070A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694335429451-A43G4VW26THOWANAC8VF/DSCF8029A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694335430613-LLVPTZOWACDYBHWUBJHJ/DSCF8036A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-30
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766165757-CVQNE4BOT0XU116ZBKQE/DSCF8079A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766165786-C14HJ63ZPHD6RTZ8QX98/DSCF8088A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766160661-WAS7GCWIH0RQ3P03OLQS/DSCF8102A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766167045-8ZHLPL02OU5011U069H0/DSCF8101A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766167181-V8UYSL28K543CUD5JW6T/DSCF8093A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-31
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766539713-K4G0TJ3KKS1FQOW8RV36/DSCF8126A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766538555-I607LS0KPDZLB68OETZ8/DSCF8111A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766539085-LLCCKL4IDFOR66JLUEJZ/DSCF8131A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766539236-JSHO9GTYIRDBA524OY5Y/DSCF8133A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766532114-VGI4TKMVLBM6ZDV5GB94/DSCF8118A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-32
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766770399-5SXRHWV1RK7C7HDVCBGO/DSCF8206A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766770168-OOIPOD5HGBP81YF7PWP0/DSCF8197A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766769301-NWTXID8YR5UR3J3UG31W/DSCF8209A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766766350-CVZKJ518DMHU6XXFXFJV/DSCF8200A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766768907-0F3Z5YCEM73K37RBLNLN/DSCF8167A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694766770550-0HDJQWM3S1GHS1TWTJ9F/DSCF8161A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-16a
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694767384511-0JYXK9QBBDSK4F2D6QTW/DSCF8137A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694767383365-EGWAC8HB5DRZABPQNDXO/DSCF8149A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694767383650-20P0JH0DE9Z0RDOHX2N0/DSCF8150A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694767384800-SW2H25AYKXZBGMDVK7XS/DSCF8139A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694767385608-FJ4MS0DUOPNZ0YNL840S/DSCF8148A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-17a
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694768124297-WRQQJAPR4TU144ZZ1BOY/DSCF8177A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694768123174-R0GQKBGGUIBIMT1GFGMD/DSCF8186A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694768123488-IJNHP9WM682DEELH884D/DSCF8190A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694768122351-ETYKOOSE36EUQMKZC643/DSCF8189A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694768126001-AQWGFCRD6CTZP5BT6FVE/DSCF8193A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-33
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694855954508-J2GTDU184GZXPJCGYF9Z/DSCF8229A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694855954387-63PND3Y8RTZ9ZNHV2YUE/DSCF8232A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694855957349-ED3BGB64VCMUPWZUZCO6/DSCF8239A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694855957046-9Q1YQH36XNWGNVO6GG3H/DSCF8237A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694855950815-SV38D9V771UEK0JUUASZ/DSCF8226A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-34
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694856856343-84EL2Z845IGTV7MDWWQA/DSCF8246A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694856855915-ZJ8JR36Y4HZHOGO4126J/DSCF8247A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694856857730-BXBWJJ49I88TWPBCZXXB/DSCF8260A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694856857072-6GZJWZYYMTP011430GO9/DSCF8262A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694856854766-A24MOPOFEWW6SQXQUQBK/DSCF8259A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-35
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857080383-Q9XTRSBQA6FNIWLAAS22/DSCF8267A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857080351-ZOFY2DOBV9P8VEL2KETT/DSCF8269A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857076111-MRGS0Z6JYE3C9V8YFS08/DSCF8271A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857077279-BRBRPRUFFJERLKCVXJ1O/DSCF8273A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857077325-E3WLJ4SBG3E01HI723T8/DSCF8275A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-36
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857392834-QCIEMOJOWG563S9E8EK5/DSCF8306A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857391614-W0E6J2YP7IH22TUHBUKD/DSCF8307A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857392566-QLI8KYTUXFRT2AWH6KQP/DSCF8308A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857388532-P4SIKBS2E9RQG59CFUY2/DSCF8309A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857387990-W2JZF8XDF3NA3VI3K14A/DSCF8310A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694857387357-TR2NVUYXYLOHHR3X0JUZ/DSCF8313A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-37
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694939910375-M0F8N3ZXUNQZX9DO6PLV/DSCF8433A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694939910617-7A3W8B71NVAUEZ9CQPQS/DSCF8438A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694939906976-I7QDJMOMXB3GBFU7VPF6/DSCF8434A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694939911216-2YFSJHAQN6XO7WBET1WW/DSCF8423A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694939911462-80ONRACRWWMIVWMW3CTN/DSCF8426A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-38
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694941135196-KS8AKF7Y78SO5GA2KYBA/DSCF8399A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694941133981-MTKR9INPNMOOVB2UWUGK/DSCF8414A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694941133880-KNYK3NTNR75M79A2FS74/DSCF8409A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1694941131709-SGN6QHHYELH7Z1C158KS/DSCF8408A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-019
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713767812272-9WZUH92OKQA49T2NX8U5/DSCF8840A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713767811977-GUKTQNI6FJVWFBDQBN94/DSCF8817A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713767811570-JMBMNRIQ2KVHLKLYO7GQ/DSCF8841A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713767808372-LS9CPMJ60X0MTUM5RM4V/DSCF8823A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713767806970-CSNKOHHX7VNR3SNW2Y1K/DSCF8825A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-033
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948560909-JVUAFSMPAYX2KZCGF53Z/DSCF8923A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948558354-GMVUJQX24ITQ0D8X78IH/DSCF8925A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948561623-FOV2A0KT4V1ZVFLZORJY/DSCF8929A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1713948561053-ESH3LZ0R3F8NLS8CWDH1/DSCF8931A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00122
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/9ef035cd-1643-4398-958b-bfc1a69551c6/DSCF9635A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2a315081-c2da-457d-bb29-b03ecaa18775/DSCF9637A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5a495f4a-f59b-46e8-a653-94a5b9caea87/DSCF9653A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a6f04d73-99f5-4751-9145-4a7c6892e0e9/DSCF9654A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00123
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8dcfee13-470f-44e3-ada0-c1c5ed1e761b/DSCF9857A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/90310936-2fb5-4aa7-b689-2ba57871450c/DSCF9850A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/5d9932cf-5b31-4071-9cd6-7a893b07b4b5/DSCF9860A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8fd9fcb4-4419-486c-ac43-413e49dfb1d6/DSCF9861A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00124
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/a7f9c97b-4a88-46ed-b2e2-3f182062bccb/DSCF9657A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/16f9f14a-0b19-4202-acbd-cd033ed2f817/DSCF9665A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/639530c2-a49f-4a05-bffa-da38d2fdb866/DSCF9674A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1e6ceadb-beee-4e30-b445-420c159b6126/DSCF9676A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00125
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/893a354d-c380-4e9d-b44f-d1241598465f/DSCF9696A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/69e5a56a-a9e1-456c-a317-1e41105e740d/DSCF9698A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7c394fe8-1c4f-4689-a0b9-1ad25cd8d6b3/DSCF9703A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b6a18f09-a56b-4dd3-8f39-021f0cb1ab1a/DSCF9705A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00126
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d013a068-652d-4856-b0ba-594b268993fb/DSCF9722A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1dd2dcb2-24aa-4657-80f4-ac57d8c98d46/DSCF9724A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/26834386-ac1d-4955-b9f6-49c589ed9612/DSCF9713A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/4769ba1d-2bd6-477e-acd7-74eded928d1c/DSCF9720A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00127
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/ea5493b4-00bd-4a36-a416-a629b08b2f98/DSCF9744A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b1725ce0-fbca-47da-a353-072809841ccf/DSCF9730A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/55f4312e-f854-4610-919c-8edd4d4fd01a/DSCF9742A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/43164e35-acba-4edf-b345-25ceb2045537/DSCF9740A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00129
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/bcc91b6a-721b-41dc-a85b-e24b9fea5d21/DSCF9679A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/dad4777d-018e-412e-a2d6-1b6c4d586b49/DSCF9691A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/79b54b26-14c6-4504-95a8-6093b2c556ea/DSCF9694A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8215e215-650a-484a-9513-4f282997386b/DSCF9685A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00128
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/fb116c00-6330-4848-b949-514f1c43c285/DSCF9773A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/51f7f2cc-3cae-405d-80fc-78ead5046d17/DSCF9753A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/b6bed763-820e-47e3-9f60-a90baaa6554c/DSCF9756A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/45f09092-c5ec-482b-a157-b438e7fa1d2c/DSCF9779A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/6-8oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00133
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8e7b9bf5-1300-4aa6-9877-9904a99236b6/DSCF0248A.jpg
STORE - 6.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0248A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/8a9b6da1-bb05-4901-abc5-903818f7f22b/DSCF0250A.jpg
STORE - 6.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0250A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7c2023e2-c060-4745-bfa1-990d52608ecb/DSCF0257A.jpg
STORE - 6.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0257A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/80279bc0-522e-4ad9-afd9-b4760827093a/DSCF0263A.jpg
STORE - 6.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0263A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/7a131908-5688-40d1-b327-26e79b53e191/DSCF0276A.jpg
STORE - 6.3 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0276A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-00154
monthly
0.5
2026-01-26
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/98296199-a0a4-4395-99c7-fad40a5d1d63/DSCF0931A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0931A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/d3237305-6a67-48df-b876-b72a4b7680fc/DSCF0927A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0927A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/6cc94b5e-e27b-4443-a30f-e8cfce696cbb/DSCF0929A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0929A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/0b47ae5f-647a-42ec-9d49-d705163aa34a/DSCF0935A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0935A.jpg
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/2b1680e9-6f08-478a-b0d3-9a025b0073c8/DSCF0939A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar - DSCF0939A.jpg
https://www.folko.com.au/store/50-g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486180859-G6IJFLE2URYQJRKDXALJ/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F2d19de%2F4726807450%2Fil_fullxfull.4726807450_6199.jpg
STORE - 50 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486181595-0IYBE3ZAPETH18AZBKNB/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fdd8145%2F4726807524%2Fil_fullxfull.4726807524_k8p4.jpg
STORE - 50 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486182383-C1OYQNBQJ1IM0Q3700PG/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F7297f2%2F4726807590%2Fil_fullxfull.4726807590_lfzn.jpg
STORE - 50 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486183211-K5SQ5ITLCKCA0K319A56/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fa5cb9e%2F4726807622%2Fil_fullxfull.4726807622_44el.jpg
STORE - 50 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/40-g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486175482-2I341400EKXBT14EEG6R/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F6c5c4d%2F4733205920%2Fil_fullxfull.4733205920_dqhm.jpg
STORE - 40 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486177861-LIMFW6S97LVG6PAUE1LM/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fcd4542%2F4781462159%2Fil_fullxfull.4781462159_f936.jpg
STORE - 40 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486178549-JISVEHGKCER204RNAGZJ/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F2b6d35%2F4733206090%2Fil_fullxfull.4733206090_4f2z.jpg
STORE - 40 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486179301-NGRTAATXYKSPTMU2GUES/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F106fa4%2F4781462365%2Fil_fullxfull.4781462365_hndi.jpg
STORE - 40 g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-12
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486138029-4UDYY5OJPNG52X64ZWWV/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fd449dc%2F4921235008%2Fil_fullxfull.4921235008_iry9.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486138934-Z8UR2D48LFE3MKXSL9W3/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fb51f81%2F4969499567%2Fil_fullxfull.4969499567_pe8f.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486139752-CPSPF0AT9AJGXSI5UC9P/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fae26bd%2F4969499559%2Fil_fullxfull.4969499559_ucla.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486140727-ITGHOU00M5YPTMEWAFF6/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fcb8e3a%2F4921235000%2Fil_fullxfull.4921235000_akd0.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-11
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486133646-0EER169Z9BUID9GIJXMZ/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Feeae0f%2F4969521211%2Fil_fullxfull.4969521211_bjbb.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486134549-YMDO7GVY71JV4ZJ0XBYU/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fc76a90%2F4969521207%2Fil_fullxfull.4969521207_frv5.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486135499-K37NQ7SX2ZIFHUO72QXN/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F944698%2F4921256138%2Fil_fullxfull.4921256138_mv8e.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1684486136552-ZM67DB9PDIFZDV48XOJ3/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F5e9ece%2F4921256128%2Fil_fullxfull.4921256128_1kp1.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-21
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417742441-BGMA1NCZ49PBYQ4EX4D1/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F08bcd4%2F4862416015%2Fil_fullxfull.4862416015_1jpn.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417743176-SZF8395XROU5JWQFOTAN/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F31755b%2F4862416033%2Fil_fullxfull.4862416033_fxcx.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417744006-VDOL0417LKKC5UR6RK3J/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fabd781%2F4862416059%2Fil_fullxfull.4862416059_j49v.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417744900-5V63MMMQK0GO2LJYR986/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fb2ef0a%2F4862416047%2Fil_fullxfull.4862416047_3acl.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417745589-E57KMAAUX05PYPEKNK1X/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fa87033%2F4814149278%2Fil_fullxfull.4814149278_5db2.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-20
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417736866-NOEIWTY3LKAS2A0FNN7T/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F68937e%2F4814160750%2Fil_fullxfull.4814160750_qj7f.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417737500-OQRIESFCFG3Q3YJ2SYTZ/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F1e674c%2F4862427755%2Fil_fullxfull.4862427755_5kdw.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417738633-HY3GXTI37D4QRIZI1OV6/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F61ef5e%2F4814160818%2Fil_fullxfull.4814160818_g0ky.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417739428-QIEMNB09OINM8L5881T9/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F89871c%2F4862427761%2Fil_fullxfull.4862427761_ryyh.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417740618-EBBWQ5AWS5N7EFGW83WM/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F4949c6%2F4814160810%2Fil_fullxfull.4814160810_axtg.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-19
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417731062-KPX1FXVDRH388WVTHPER/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F20ecf1%2F4862436631%2Fil_fullxfull.4862436631_q7yk.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417731782-2BOL7LTMXSFCL5BC0ERL/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fd6c47a%2F4862436749%2Fil_fullxfull.4862436749_59oy.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417733095-SXOJC4J8SJI6XCI8LYCU/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F7b8947%2F4814169776%2Fil_fullxfull.4814169776_18me.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417733869-E5BX6A06CVAGMPWMUEZ0/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F4e076f%2F4862436763%2Fil_fullxfull.4862436763_43js.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417734580-ATELE4T9RKTNVBESDLM2/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F51df2f%2F4814169766%2Fil_fullxfull.4814169766_67f2.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417735446-9HZ32TUYIJ3R0IPEAGG3/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fe0a495%2F4862436759%2Fil_fullxfull.4862436759_86uk.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-18
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417726925-876L1M50UTI1YIDQ3AGU/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F106742%2F4862443967%2Fil_fullxfull.4862443967_bcon.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417727635-A0PBIE2S1L3Q9471MAPI/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2Fcb526b%2F4862444051%2Fil_fullxfull.4862444051_7qbk.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417728316-ZNKJHHHCSZLK9ZSEYL3I/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F03b29e%2F4862444079%2Fil_fullxfull.4862444079_bpw9.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417729039-7PR27T97GWK80XC5ZK9Z/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F944390%2F4814176980%2Fil_fullxfull.4814176980_qy4c.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681417729714-XCP9YWROVJRJ92890EC0/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F40684687%2Fr%2Fil%2F60861e%2F4862444075%2Fil_fullxfull.4862444075_7zgk.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-14
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681263619874-6BO4BJ6TD8BCWZ76TNUK/DSCF6918A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681263619649-U93OY3Z1S3A0C4GN89CW/DSCF6920A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681263619196-9W86PL2MG5S079OZTB6M/DSCF6924A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681263619884-JBR0TW968JOYM4000TYH/DSCF6925A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-15
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265790592-3LFRSSPYY4IASRDOZU34/DSCF6950A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265792771-4W5UD9AXC13KIWVYLQKY/DSCF6937A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265795420-0OLZ0P9PQMOXXDXXVB3L/DSCF6944A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265796103-4O1TGJVXSGTGC0Q4D44L/DSCF6935A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-16
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265197905-BNGYVUZ92HKKN4AIH1Z2/DSCF6958A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265197986-8V5NHQ692PVKXFQSESAL/DSCF6960A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681265198811-3KFN72TAMLJA95PVQG3E/DSCF6962A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 Fine Silver Slater Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-17
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1681266045915-78SLREZFB0ZWJNQDE4VH/DSCF6967A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-13
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-12
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-11
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1678334878723-06WNLRLKW60P9AFKAV26/DSCF6726A.jpg
STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 OZ 999 FINE SILVER SLATER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-9
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1675897280960-RLE1061B1M0F59OP0PMO/DSCF6456A.jpg
STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-8
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1675896678917-USDGJ7ZDCTAHJ3CAUU5D/DSCF6437A.jpg
STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-7
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-6
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 OZ 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-5
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-4
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1672905981599-YX73EGCQMAX2Q6WMDRAC/DSCF6251A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-10
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1664013313368-P8J84V5WXLIQM91FOOFI/DSCF5978A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-6
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-8
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-9
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-7
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-5
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-4
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1663203390861-PIX6TABPFAQOR9OHCPF9/DSCF5964A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-3
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1662369959714-4O0F12T8NYWO0ZAXEQ8T/DSCF5852A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1662026222175-942FKR6J372E9OGQTY09/DSCF5820a.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-3
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1661555512565-ML0CZSLGOAT74WZLR7U7/DSCF5795a.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-2
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1661312772218-W2W9MDYK4TBFH91EPPVV/DSCF5793a.JPG
STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1660980411644-6AODXIYQCP87KFSKGW4P/DSCF5665a.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
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STORE - 2 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/50g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1652340030187-D36BKKYBAFS58TJYFIZM/DSCF5454A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1652340047578-J4PXTZNJZGZOLLDC6HPD/DSCF5456A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1652340051762-1X4J9ASRTRYA4V9TRGIU/DSCF5458A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1652340052936-DB49GHCJB8U1SKWET842/DSCF5459A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/8g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar-1
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1649478343299-RIYOCBPU76T4F21CECJ4/DSCF5062A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1649478346215-AZDVJQZCSWTG8YV7QAMK/DSCF5060A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1649478353476-LXZ9SFKCVNSTQO0BFL4R/DSCF5071A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1649478362344-RP8JKGMC5P8SP04E13AV/DSCF5052A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/1-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1648798162702-XR2C8UGMMNL6Z7I29LX8/DSCF4293A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1648797978960-VKC4JJJMTOFYU99VA97O/DSCF4292A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1648797975761-OX3775IQE9CBDI2GBA6L/DSCF4256A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1648798124300-09JE5XOIIRMNK51R1F66/DSCF4257A.jpg
STORE - 1 oz 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/2-oz-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1647153776471-RDIZQM8XAN5GD9FN1D13/DSCF4806A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1647153949981-7PA1KTZ4HHO9OUSCBZY0/DSCF4808A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1647153602751-UGBAIKS68OS39NHCTSU7/DSCF4749A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1647153601374-OTI01T0RZBSJL7D4D0WV/DSCF4815A.jpg
STORE - 2 oz 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/50g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1646034772061-94BJIIXS6MJE8O2LWSMB/DSCF4782A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1646034773694-0XFBB32Q0XGJ6WYUFO3M/DSCF4802A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1646034772878-IEH7G8R3WRCRNS4NJQDU/DSCF4798A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1646034774723-KY8QHFHOUOMXINPDWWD4/DSCF4801A.jpg
STORE - 50g 999 FINE SILVER BULLION BAR
https://www.folko.com.au/store/4g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644659651593-590NFJDFJZA46K93FHCL/DSCF4557A.jpg
STORE - 4g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644659654892-3URA7ABPY23S0Z1RNX4V/DSCF4517A.jpg
STORE - 4g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644659652024-Q4WRC2O2OW301VTY5S3O/DSCF4573A.jpg
STORE - 4g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644659650992-FALHVS61LEV7XA83U57W/DSCF4594A.jpg
STORE - 4g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/14g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644475250863-JIAP048ILL46DK3HD4XM/DSCF4508A.jpg
STORE - 14g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644475250673-F2AEQDFOBYLD2M1RJSB4/DSCF4505A.jpg
STORE - 14g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644475250841-5MXE8CMUC0ORFYP7Q72U/DSCF4507A.jpg
STORE - 14g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/8g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1645348766873-Y7QY3EELF8N5KPJPTAVA/DSCF4691A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1645348765738-NQ91VJ3UJ8NAA6ID1NNZ/DSCF4679A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1645348763375-MNFTGFUDW423PL4L97SR/DSCF4688A.jpg
STORE - 8g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/9g-999-fine-silver-bullion-bar
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644398195438-745PIMNEFPITLMQOT4KG/DSCF4421A.jpg
STORE - 9g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644398192704-KEWO7OKT3JIGZ2N137PC/DSCF4419A.jpg
STORE - 9g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1644398194832-4XELUC9QGB28PPESUWIO/DSCF4415A.jpg
STORE - 9g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://www.folko.com.au/store/jrxva0ejwkjgojbde87h4sn4yha37y
monthly
0.5
2025-10-07
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643884208941-Q3N8F2RJYRC64XBEBEFB/DSCF4299a.jpg
STORE - 40g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643884206419-9D8FFK4ET6J8R1QHR2QI/DSCF4312a.jpg
STORE - 40g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643884207882-CD61A3CKZQ1D3Y9X5M8G/DSCF4302A.jpg
STORE - 40g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56677b58a128e64173375720/1643884208098-YFMFUB1GHYLOF2NWXEL1/DSCF4304a.jpg
STORE - 40g 999 Fine Silver Bullion Bar